PAM. 

wise. 


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HAND-BOOK 


OF  THE 


American  Baptist  Missionary  Union. 


1892-1893, 


Missionary  Rooms,  Tremont  Temple, 


BOSTON,  MASS. 


Announcement. 


On  this  the  Centenary  of  Baptist  Foreign  Missions,  when  the  entire  denomination  is  asked 
to  engage  in  a  closer  study  of  the  history  and  scope  of  the  work,  and  to  respond  with  a  deeper 
purpose  not  only  to  meet  the  present  needs,  but  also  to  extend  its  work  to  the  Regions  Beyond, 
we  of  the  Missionary  Union  feel  it  to  be  incumbent  upon  us  to  afford  improved  facilities  for  the 
accomplishment  of  the  ends  in  view. 

We  therefore  present  the  Centenary  edition  of  our  annual  Hand-book  in  a  greatly  improved 
form  and  dress.  The  freshly  prepared  sketches  of  the  various  missions,  the  artistic  illustrations 
the  enlarged  statistical  tables,  the  new  colored  maps  expressly  engraved  for  this  work,  etc.,  etc. 
will,  we  believe,  be  welcomed  by  all  old  friends  of  our  missions,  and  win  many  new  ones  to  a 
study  of  the  fields  and  an  interest  in  the  work  not  previously  felt.  Our  Young  Peoples’ 
Societies,  Mission  Bands,  etc.,  who  are  giving  increased  attention  to  the  comparative  study  of 
missions  will  find  the  Hand-book  a  source  of  varied  information  and  inspiration.  It  will  also, 
we  trust,  prove  an  acceptable  souvenir  of  this  historic  year. 

JVe  are  indebted  to  the  American  Board  of  Boston  for  kind  permission  to  reprint  some  of 
the  general  tables  found  in  their  Almanac  of  Missions ;  and  also  to  Messrs.  Funk  &  Wagnalls, 
New  York,  publishers  of  the  Encyclopaedia  of  Missions  for  like  favors. 

TPIE  SECRETARIES. 


Copyright,  1892,  by  the  American  Baptist  Missionary  Union. 


Table  of  Contents 


Page. 

OFFICERS  OF  THE  AMERICAN  BAPTIST  MISSIONARY  UNION  -  4 

BOARD  OF  MANAGERS  ---------  5 

WILLIAM  CAREY  -----------  6 

ANDREW  FULLER  ----------  6 

CENTENARY  COMMEMORATION  -  -  .  -  7 

ORGANIZATION  OF  THE  AMERICAN  BAPTIST  MISSIONARY  UNION  -  -  -  8 

FINANCIAL  CONDITION  ----------  9 

BURMAN  MISSIONS  -------  10-21 

Burmans  ------------  10 

Karens  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  J3 

Shans  ------------  17 

Ivachins  ----------  I8 

Chins  ------------  19 

ASSAM  MISSIONS  -----------  22-24 

Assamese  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  ...  -  -  -  22 

Garos  -----------  23 

Kohls  ------------  24 

Nagas  -----------  24 

TELUGU  MISSIONS  -----------  26-30 

CHINESE  MISSIONS  ----------  31 

In  Siam  ------------  31 

In  China  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  31 

JAPANESE  MISSION  -----------  34 

CONGO  MISSION  -----------  36 

EUROPEAN  MISSIONS  ----------  39 

France  -----------  39 

Germany  and  Central  Europe  --------  39 

Sweden,  Norway  and  Finland  --------  4C 

Spain  -  -  i*  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  *  41 

INSTITUTIONS  FOR  HIGHER  EDUCATION  -------  4* 

WOMAN’S  WORK  -----  ------  42 

STATISTICS 

Missionaries  and  Statistics  of  the  A.  B.  M.  U.  -  -  -  -  '  44~52 

Foreign  Missionary  Societies  in  U.  S.  -  -  -  -  -  •  '  53 

Foreign  Missionary  Societies  in  Great  Britain  ------  54 

Protestant  Foreign  Missions  in  Continental  Europe  -----  55 

Summary  of  Protestant  Foreign  Missions  ------  55 

MISCELLANEOUS 

Moneys  used  in  Mission  Lands  --------  56 

Rates  of  Postage  to  Missions  of  the  A.  B.  M.  U.  -  -  5^ 

Shipping  Instructions  ----------  5^ 

Forms  of  Legacy,  Bequest,  etc.  -------  57 

District  Secretaries’  P.  O.  Addresses  ------  ‘  57 

EXTRACTS  AND  NOTES  ----------  58 

PUBLICATIONS  -----------  60 


Officers  of  the  American  Baptist  Missionary  Union. 

President. 

Rev.  AUGUSTUS  H.  STRONG,  D.D.,  LL.D.,  N.  Y. 

Vice  Presidents. 

Hon.  ROBERT  O.  FULLER,  Mass.  Hon.  DAVID  V.  BURNS,  Col. 

Recording  Secretary. 

Rev.  HENRY  S.  BURRAGE,  D.D.,  Portland,  Me. 


Board  of  Managers. 

Rev.  J.  C.  HOBLIT,  Minn.,  Chairman.  Rev.  MOSES  H.  BIXBY,  D.D.,  R.  I.,  Recording  Secretary. 

Executive  Committee. 

Rev.  A.  J.  GORDON,  D.D.  Rev.  N.  E.  WOOD,  D.D.  G.  W.  CHIPMAN,  Esq. 

Rev.  W.  S.  APSEY,  D.D.  Rev.  GEORGE  BULLEN,  D.D.  CHARLES  W.  PERKINS,  Esq. 

Rev.  D.  B.  JUTTEN.  GEORGE  S.  HARWOOD,  Esq.  Hon.  E.  NELSON  BLAKE. 

Honorary  Secretary. 

Rev.  JOHN  N.  MURDOCK,  D.D.,  LL.D. 

Corresponding  Secretaries. 

Rev.  SAMUEL  W.  DUNCAN,  D.D.  Rev.  HENRY  C.  MABIE,  D.D.  Rev.  EDMUND  F.  MERRIAM. 


Treasurer. 

E.  P.  COLEMAN,  to  whom  letters  containing  money  for  the  general  treasury  should  be  addressed.  Drafts, 
Checks,  and  Postal  Money  Orders,  except  for  the  publications,  should  be  drawn  in  his  favor. 


Rev.  W.  S.  McKENZIE,  D.D., 
Rev.  A.  H.  BURLINGHAM,  D.D., 
Rev.  G.  H.  BRIGHAM, 

Rev.  R.  G.  SEYMOUR,  D.D., 

Rev.  T.  G.  FIELD, 

Rev.  S.  M.  STIMSON,  D.D., 

Rev.  C.  F.  TOLMAN,  D.D., 

Rev.  F.  PETERSON, 

Rev.  W.  E.  WITTER,  M.  D., 

Rev.  I.  N.  CLARK,  D.D., 

Rev.  J.  SUNDERLAND,  D.D., 


DISTRICT  SECRETARIES. 

Boston,  Mass., 

New  York,  N.  Y., 
Cortland,  N.  Y., 
Philadelphia,  Pa., 
Elyria,  O., 
Greensburg,  Ind., 
Chicago,  Ill., 
Minneapolis,  Minn., 
Des  Moines,  Iowa, 
Kansas  City,  Mo., 
Oakland,  Cal., 


New  England  District. 
Southern  New  York  “ 
New  York  Central  “ 

Southern  “ 

Middle  “ 

Lake  “ 

Chicago  “ 

Northern  “ 

Middle  Western  “ 

Kansas  “ 

Pacific  Coast  “ 


CEN  TENAR  ) r  COM  MI  TREE . 


Rev.  II.  C.  MABIE,  D.D.,  Chairman. 
WM.  M.  ISAACS,  Esq. 

CHURCHILL  H.  CUTTING,  Esq. 

Rev.  W.  H.  P.  FAUNCE. 

Rev.  E.  E.  CHIVERS. 

Rev.  GEO.  DANA  BOARDMAN,  D.D. 


Rev.  RUSSELL  II.  CON  WELL. 
Hon.  ROBT.  O.  FULLER. 

T.  C.  EVANS,  Esq. 

W.  N.  HARTSHORN,  Esq. 

S.  P.  HIBBARD,  Esq. 

W.  II.  DOANE,  Esq.,  Mus.  Doc. 
D.  A.  WATERMAN,  Esq. 


EDWARD  GOODMAN,  Esq. 
Hon.  M.  S.  SMALLEY. 

Rev.  J.  C.  HOBLIT. 

URIAH  RORABACH,  Esq. 
Rev.  C.  II.  HOBART. 

Rev.  E.  II.  SAWYER,  D.D. 


Special  Secretaries  for  Centenary  Year. 


Rev.  O.  O.  FLETCHER,  D.D., 


{For  P.  O.  address  of  District  Secretaries  see  page  57} 


H.  C.  CAMP,  Esq. 


4 


Board  of  Managers. 


Rev.  J.  C.  IIOBLIT,  Chairman. 


Rev.  MOSES  II.  BIXBY,  D.D.,  Recording  Sec’y. 
CLASS  I.  TERM  EXPIRES  1893. 


MINISTERS. 

W.  T.  Stott,  D.D.,  Franklin,  Ind. 

S.  D.  Phelps,  D.D.,  New  Haven,  Conn. 
H.  M.  King,  I). I).,  Providence,  R.  I. 

W.  T.  Chase,  D.D.,  Philadelphia,  Penn. 
George  C.  Lorimer,  D.D.,  Boston,  Mass. 
Kittridge  Wheeler,  Hartford,  Conn. 
Wayland  Hoyt,  D.D.,  Minneapolis,  Minn. 
Edward  Braislin,  D.D.,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

A.  K.  P.  Small,  D.D.,  Portland,  Me. 
Edward  Judson,  D.D.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
A.  Bunker,  D.D.,  Toungoo,  Burma. 

G.  S.  Abbott,  D.D.,  Oakland,  Cal. 

E.  H.  E.  Jameson,  D.D.,  Lansing,  Mich. 
G.  W.  Folwell,  Parkersburg,  W.  Va. 


LAYMEN. 

H.  M.  Hart,  Portland,  Me. 

W.  W.  Keen,  M.D.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

C.  W.  K;ngsley,  Cambridge,  Mass. 

D.  A.  Waterman,  Detroit,  Mich. 

L.  E.  Gurley,  Troy,  N.  Y. 

L.  K.  Fuller,  Brattleboro,  Vt. 

A.  S.  Woodworth,  Boston,  Mass. 

E.  C.  Atkins,  Indianapolis,  Ind. 
Samuel  Colgate,  Orange,  N.  J. 

W.  H.  Hanchett,  Milwaukee,  Wis. 

M.  S.  Smalley,  Hiawatha,  Kan. 


CLASS  II.  TERM  EXPIRES  1894. 


MINISTERS. 

R.  G.  Seymour,  D.D.,  Philadelphia,  Penn. 
W.  N.  Clarke,  D.D.,  Hamilton,  N.  Y. 

C.  B.  Crane,  D.D.,  Concord,  N.  H. 

E.  P.  Tidier,  Newport,  R.  I. 

E.  B.  Hulbert,  D.D.,  Morgan  Park,  Ill. 

J.  F.  Elder,  D.D.,  Albany,  N.  Y. 

F.  S.  Dobbins,  Philadelphia,  Penn. 

W.  W.  Boyd,  D.D.,  Newark,  N.  J. 

D.  B.  Cheney,  D.I).,  Chicago,  Ill. 

M.  H.  Bixby,  D.D.,  Providence,  R.  I. 


H.  L.  Stetson,  D.D.,  Des  Moines,  la. 
W.  P.  Hellings,  D.D.,  Omaha,  Neb. 

LAYMEN. 

D.  H.  Goodell,  Antrim,  N.  H. 

R.  O.  Fuller,  Cambridge,  Mass. 

Moses  Giddings,  Bangor,  Me. 
Williams  M.  Isaacs,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
J.  Buchanan,  Trenton,  N.  J. 

S.  W.  Woodward,  Washington,  D.  C. 
J.  B.  Thresher,  Dayton,  O. 

Eugene  Levering,  Baltimore,  Md. 

B.  F.  Jacobs,  Chicago,  Ill. 

J.  C.  Hoblit,  Minneapolis,  Minn. 


T.  E.  Vassar,  D.D.,  Kansas  City,  Mo. 

C.  A.  Reese,  Minneapolis,  Minn. 

William  M.  Lawrence,  D.D.,  Chicago,  Ill. 

CLASS  III.  TERM  EXPIRES  1895. 


MINISTERS. 

P.  S.  Moxom,  D.D.,  Boston,  Mass. 

P.  S.  Henson,  D.D.,  Chicago,  Ill. 

Lemuel  C.  Barnes,  Newton  Centre,  Mass. 

Henry  F.  Colby,  D.D.,  Dayton,  O. 

Richard  Montague,  D.D.,  Colorado  Springs,  Col. 
J.  S.  Gubelmann,  Rochester,  N.  Y. 

S.  Burnham,  D.D.,  Hamilton,  N.  Y. 

W.  II.  Butrick,  Albany,  N.  Y. 

A.  G.  Lawson,  D.D.,  Camden,  N.  J. 

W.  C.  P.  Rhodes,  D.D.,  Brooklyn,' N.  Y. 

F.  J.  Parry,  Brattleboro,  Vt. 

R.  M.  Luther,  D.D.,  Newark,  N.  J. 

C.  A.  Woody,  Portland,  Ore. 


D.  W.  Faunce,  D.D.,  West  Newton,  Mass. 
Z.  Grenell,  D.D.,  Detroit,  Mich. 

D.  Downie,  D.D.,  Nellore,  India. 

LAYMEN. 

George  A.  Pillsbury,  Minneapolis,  Minn. 

F.  H.  Ludington,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

Irving  O.  Whiting,  Boston,  Mass. 

James  L.  Howard,  Hartford,  Conn. 

Samuel  A.  Crozer,  Upland,  Penn. 

Edwin  O.  Sage,  Rochester,  N.  Y. 

Edward  Goodman,  Chicago,  Ill. 

R.  S.  Greene,  Seattle,  Wash. 

Isaac  Carpenter,  Omaha,  Neb. 


WOMAN’S  BAPTIST  FOREIGN  MISSIONARY  SOCIETY. 

Honorary  President.  Mrs.  Gardner  Colby,  Newton,  Mass. 
President  Miss  Sarah  C.  Durfee,  34  Waterman  St.,  Providence, 
R  I. 

Corresponding  Secretaries.  Foreign  Department,  Mrs.  H.  G. 
Safford,  Tremont  Temple,  Boston,  Mass.  Home  Depart¬ 
ment,  Mrs.  N.  M.  Waterbury,  Tremont  Temple,  Boston, Mass. 

Treasurer.  Miss  Mary  E.  Clarke,  Miss’y  Rooms,  Tremont  Tem¬ 
ple,  Boston. 

WOMAN’S  BAPTIST  FOREIGN  MISSIONARY  SOCIETY 

OF  OREGON. 

President.  Mrs.  M.  L.  Driggs,  Oregon  City. 

Corresponding  Secretary.  Mrs.  E.  S.  Latourette,  Oregon  City. 
Treasurer.  Mrs.  Henry  Warren,  Oregon  City. 


WOMAN’S  BAPTIST  FOREIGN  MISSIONARY  SOCIETY 

OF  THE  WEST. 

President.  Mrs.  A.  J.  Howe,  39  University  Place,  Chicago. 

Corresponding  Secretaries.  Mrs.  A.  M.  Bacon,  3032  South 
Park  Avenue,  Chicago.  Mrs.  S.  C.  White,  2978  Vernon  Ave¬ 
nue,  Chicago. 

Treasurer,  Miss  Mary  W.  Ranney.  122  Wabash  Avenue,  Chicago. 

Assistant  Treasurer.  Miss  A.  L.  Stevens,  122  Wabash  Avenue, 
Chicago. 

WOMAN’S  BAPTIST  FOREIGN  MISSIONARY  SOCIETY 
OF  CALIFORNIA. 

President.  Mrs.  A.  W.  Runyan,  2116  Bush  St.,  San  Francisco. 

Corresponding  Secretary.  Mrs.  Horace  Huntsman,  1264,  nth 
Ave.,  E.  Oakland,  Cal. 

Treasurer.  Mrs.  B.  C.  Wright,  1763  Gough  St.,  San  Francisco. 


5 


William  Carev. 

J 

Born  August  17,  1761,  at  Paulerspury,  North¬ 
amptonshire.  Baptized  Oct.  5,  1783  by  Dr.  Ryland, 
the  younger.  Ordained  pastor  of  the  church  at 
Moulton,  Aug.  t,  1787.  Published  “An  Humble 
Enquiry,  etc.”  1792.  Preached  his  memorable 
sermon  at  Nottingham,  May  31,  1792.  Bed  in 
the  formation  of  the  first  missionary  society  Oct.  2, 
1792,  at  Kettering.  Appointed  by  the  Society  as 
its  first  missionary  Jan.  10,  1793;  and  sailed  for 
India  June  13. 

The  first  Baptist  church  in  India  formed  in 
1795.  Completed  his  first  translation  of  the  Bible 
into  Bengali  in  1796.  Joined  by  Marshman  and 
Ward,  Oct.  1799.  Took  up  his  residence  at  Seram- 
pore,  Jan.  10,  1800.  Baptized  the  first  Hindoo  convert,  Krishna  Pal  and  his  son  Felix,  Sunday 
Dec.  28,  1800.  First  edition  of  the  Bengali  Bible  published  February,  1801.  The  large 

V. 

printing  establishment  at  Serampore  destroyed  by  fire  March  n,  1812.  The  first  Christian 
college  of  India  erected  at  Serampore  1822-5.  Completed  the  Bengali  Dictionary,  in  three 
quarto  volumes,  1825.  Died  at  Serampore,  Monday,  June  9,  1834. 

He  translated  the  Bible,  or  some  of  its  parts,  into  thirty-six  dialects,  and  edited  and  printed 
eight  others.  His  personal  contributions  to  the  spread  of  Christianity  and  civilization  aggre¬ 
gated  $233,125. 

ANDREW  FULLER. 

Born  Feb.  6,  1754,  at  Wicken,  Cambridgeshire.  Baptized  April,  1770.  Ordained  pastor 
of  the  church  at  Soham  in  the  spring  of  1775.  Removed  to  Kettering,  Oct.  1782.  Published 
his  tract,  “The  Gospel  Worthy  of  all  Acceptation,”  1784.  Preached  his  famous  sermon, 
at  Clipstone,  “The  Evil  Nature  and  the  Dangerous  Tendency  of  Delay  in  the  Concerns  of 
Religion,”  1791. 

One  of  the  founders  of  the  first  missionary  society,  and 
elected  secretary  at  its  formation,  Kettering,  Oct.  2,  1792  ;  and 
continued  in  office  to  the  time  of  his  death,  May  7,  1815. 

He  was  known  as  the  “Benjamin  Franklin  of  Theology,” 
and  to  him,  more  than  to  any  other  one  man,  is  due  the  credit 
of  having  broken,  July  13,  1813,  the  power  of  the  East  India 
Company’s  opposition  in  England  to  the  mission  work  in  India. 

His  preaching  and  writings  turned  many  stony  hearts  and  bitter  an¬ 
tagonists  in  the  church,  to  fervent  and  loyal  supporters  of  the  cause. 


6 


The  Centenary  Commemoration. 


Abstract  of  the  Report  of  the  Centenary  Committee  of  the  Missionary  Union  adopted  at 
Philadelphia,  May  26,  1892. 

«  At  the  anniversary  of  the  Missionary  Union  held  at  Cincinnati  in  May,  1S9I5  it  was  sub¬ 
stantially  resolved  that  during  the  fiscal  year  1 89 2 -93  the  American  Baptist  Missionary  Union 
hold  a  special  celebration  of  the  centennial  of  the  organization  of  the  Foreign  Missionary 
enterprise,  under  William  Carey,  Oct.  2,  1792,  and  attempt  to  increase  the  offerings  of  the 
vear  to  the  aggregate  of  at  least  one  million  dollars  for  the  maintenance  and  extension  of  the 
work  of  the  Union.  In  pursuance  of  these  resolutions  a  permanent  Centenary  Committee, 
consisting  of  nineteen  members,  has  been  appointed.”  (For  names  of  committee  see 
page  4.) 

“  It  has  been  thought  wise  on  the 
whole  to  apportion  the  raising  of  the  mil¬ 
lion  dollars  we  seek,  substantially  as 
follows  : —  $400,000  to  the  churches, 

$150,000  to  the  Young  People’s  Societies 
and  Sunday  Schools,  $200,000  to  the 
individual  subscribers  and  $250,000  to 
the  Woman’s  Societies.  Of  the  first 
two  amounts,  aggregating  $550,000  we 
have  made  a  further  apportionment 
through  the  various  districts.” 

“  Of  the  amount  sought  —  one 
million  dollars  —  or  any  portion  there¬ 
of  in  excess  of  $600,000  which  shall 
be  raised,  a  part  shall  be  held  in  re¬ 
serve  by  the  Board  to  provide  for  possible  future  contingencies.” 

“  While  the  Committee  has  sent  out  printed  suggestions  as  to  ways  and  means  for  deepening 
interest  and  swelling  the  fund,  it  is  of  course  recognized  that  our  churches  have  various 
methods  and  plans  of  benevolence  of  their  own  more  or  less  systematized.  We  trust  all  churches 
will  thoughtfully  arrange  somehow  at  a  favorable  time  for  the  proper  presentation  of  this  enterprise 
with  a  view  to  a  really  adequate  offering  on  the  part  of  all  the  people.  In  order  to  accomplish 
this  we  beg  to  suggest,  however,  that  in  place  of  an  ordinary  collection  hastily  taken,  a  thorough 
canvass  be  made  of  entire  congregations,  family  by  family,  embracing  the  old  and  the  young, 
even  though  in  some  cases  a  modification  of  existing  plans  becomes  necessary.  Special 
literature  on  the  epoch  has  been  prepared,  and  can  be  supplied  from  the  Mission  Rooms,  Tre- 
mont  Temple,  Boston,  if  desired.” 


Interior  Lai.  Bazaar  Chapel. 


7 


THE  AMERICAN  BAPTIST  MISSIONARY  UNION. 


ORGANIZATION. 

Adoniram  Judson  and  his  wife  Ann  Hasseltine  sailed  from  Salem,  Mass.,  in  the  “  Caravan,” 
Feb.  19,  1812,  and  Luther  Rice  from  Philadelphia  in  the  “Harmony,”  Feb.  24,  1812.  These 
three  were  missionaries  of  the  newly  formed  American  Board  of  Commissioners  for  Foreign 
Missions.  Expecting  to  meet  the  Baptist  missionaries  of  Serampore  on  their  arrival  in  India, 
they  gave  special  attention  to  the  study  of  the  New  Testament  teachings  regarding  baptism, 
with  the  result  that  they  were  converted  to  Baptist  views  and  were  baptized  in  Calcutta. 
This  action  deprived  them  of  their  means  of  support,  and  it  was  decided  that  Mr.  Rice 
should  return  to  the  United  States  and  ask  the  Baptists  of  this  country  to  maintain  them 
while  they  continued  their  missionary  work.  Previous  to  this  time  American  Baptists  had 
contributed  to  missions  in  India,  sometimes  to  the  amount  of  several  thousand  dollars  a  year, 
through  the  English  Baptist  Missionary  Society.  Mr.  Rice's  appeal  roused  the  Baptists  of 
this  country  to  independent  action,  and  on  May  18,  1814,  there  was  formed  in  Philadelphia 
“The  General  Missionary  Convention  of  the  Baptist  Denomination  in  the  United  States  of 
America  for  Foreign  Missions,”  and  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Judson  and  Mr.  Rice  were  appointed  the 
first  missionaries  ;  but  Mr.  Rice  was  requested  to  remain  in  this  country  for  a  time  to  visit  the 
churches.  The  Convention  was  incorporated  June  15,  1821,  and  the  name  of  the  society  was 
lengthened  by  the  addition  of  the  words  “  and  other  important  objects  relating  to  the  Re¬ 
deemer's  kingdom."  In  1845  the  Southern  Baptists  withdrew  because  the  Board  declined  to 
appoint  slaveholders  as  missionaries,  and  in  1846  the  name  of  the  society  was  changed  to  the 
“American  Baptist  Missionary  Union.”  The  headquarters  were  established  at  Boston,  Mass., 
in  1826.  The  membership  of  the  society  is  fixed  by  the  following  article  from  the  constitu¬ 
tion  :  — 

“  Any  Baptist  church  contributing  to  the  funds  of  the  Union  may  appoint  one  annual 
member.  If  the  sum  contributed  in  the  year  amounts  to  one  hundred  dollars,  the  church  may 
appoint  a  second  annual  member,  and  an  additional  member  for  every  additional  two  hundred 
dollars.  Any  individual  may  constitute  himself,  by  the  payment  of  one  hundred  dollars,  a 
member  for  one  year.  Any  individual  or  church  or  local  association  of  the  Baptist  denomina¬ 
tion  that  may  supply  funds  for  the  support  of  a  missionary  or  missionaries  may  appoint  one 
annual  member  for  every  one  hundred  dollars  paid  during  the  preceding  year  through  the 
treasurer  of  the  Union.  Any  individual  may  be  an  honorary  member  for  life  by  the  payment, 
during  one  financial  year,  of  not  less  than  one  hundred  dollars ;  and  every  honorary  member 
shall  have  a  vote  in  the  meetings  of  the  Union  so  long;  as  he  continues  to  be  an  annual  con- 
tributor  to  the  treasury  and  a  member  in  good  standing  of  a  regular  Baptist  church.” 


TIIE  AMERICAN  BAPTIST  MISSIONARY  UNION. 


9 


THE  FINANCIAL  CONDITION. 

The  invested  funds  of  the  Union  amount  to  $370,697.93.  In  addition,  $154,305.76  has 
been  given  on  condition  that  annuities  are  to  be  paid  during  the  lives  of  the  donors.  At  their 
death  some  of  these  funds  may  be  applied  to  the  ordinary  expenses  of  the  Union  ;  and  others 
are  to  be  held  as  trust  funds,  the  income  only  to  be  used. 

The  income  of  the  Missionary  Union  during  the  year  ending  March  31,  1892,  amounted 
to  $589,772.93,  of  which  $20,600.00  was  given  to  be  added  to  funds,  and  $569,172.93  was  for 
current  expenses  from  the  following  sources:  donations,  $278,724.24;  legacies,  $130,986.71; 
Woman’s  Baptist  Foreign  Missionary  Society,  $82,670.97  ;  Woman’s  Baptist  Missionary  Society 
of  the  West,  $35,520.28;  income  of  funds,  $26,792.65;  Bible  day  collections,  $2,477.88;  all 
other  sources,  $12,000.20. 

The  donations  came  from  the  following  localities,  given  in  the  order  of  the  amounts 
contributed  :  — 

New  York,  $55,031.80;  Massachusetts,  $46,198.42;  Pennsylvania,  $24,912.08;  Illinois, 
$23,440.34;  Ohio,  $17,666.53;  New  Jersey,  $16,962.42;  Connecticut,  $12,050.44;  New 
Hampshire,  $9,191.55;  Minnesota,  $6,510.47;  Michigan,  $6,211.50;  Rhode  Island,  $6,035.61; 
Burma,  $5,443.14;  California,  $4,335.24;  Kansas,  $4,312.71;  Wisconsin,  $3,991.48;  India, 
$3,759.49;  Indiana,  $3,560.07;  Maine,  $3,200.88;  District  of  Columbia,  $3,144.35  ;  Iowa, 
$2,936.09;  Germany,  $2,794.22;  Missouri,  $2,648.94;  Nebraska,  $2,311.81;  Vermont, 
$2,113.11;  West  Virginia,  $1,466.41;  Oregon,  $1,311.01;  Tennessee,  $1,152.86;  Colorado, 
$1,126.50;  Washington,  $850.12;  South  Dakota,  $609.64;  North  Dakota,  $529.74;  Denmark, 
$450;  Assam,  $424.71;  China,  $302.42;  Japan,  $289.80;  Delaware,  $232.32  ;  miscellaneous, 
$203;  Virginia,  $134;  Indian  Territory,  $108.47;  Mississippi,  $90.50;  Montana,  $87.80; 
British  Columbia,  $75.75;  Idaho,  $66.95;  Kentucky,  $62.60;  Maryland,  $62;  Wyoming, 
$54.05;  Sweden,  $50;  Oklahoma  Territory,  $34.50;  Georgia,  $29;  New  Mexico,  $26.40; 
Scotland,  $21.91;  Florida,  $20;  Canada,  $20;  Mexico,  $20;  Louisiana,  $15.71;  Texas, 
$15.58;  Utah,  $6.80;  Arizona,  $6;  South  Carolina,  $5. 

The  appropriations  of  the  Missionary  Union  for  the  last  mission  year  were,  for  current 
expenses,  $574, 333. 3°.  Deficit  at  the  end  of  the  year,  $66,754.31.  Deducting  the  amount 
paid  for  annuities,  $13,497.15,  which  is  not  a  part  of  the  expenses,  there  is  left  $560,836.15  as 
the  actual  expenditure.  Of  this  $511,710.48,  or  about  91  per  cent.,  was  for  the  foreign  work 
and  workers;  and  $49,125.6 7,  or  about  9  per  cent.,  was  for  the  home  work  and  workers. 

The  expenditures  were  divided  as  follows:  to  Burma,  $153,825.02;  Assam,  $27,067.55; 
India,  $121,297.60;  Siam,  $1,997.75;  China,  $47,511.46;  Japan,  $53,067.19  ;  Africa,  62,714.56; 
France,  $19,763.54  ;  Germany,  $8,400  ;  Sweden,  $8,580.86  ;  Russia,  $2,700  ;  Denmark,  $1,500  ; 
Spain,  $3,200;  Executive  Officers,  $16,560;  District  Secretaries,  $23,114.20;  publications, 
$1,940.04;  rent  and  general  expense,  $7,511,43  ;  interest,  $84.95. 


INDIAN  MOHUR. 


IO 


BURMAN  MISSIONS. 


MANDALAY. 


THE  MISSION  TO  BURMANS. 

The  Burman  is  the  ruling  race  of  Burma,  and  by  far  the  most  numerous,  numbering 
more  than  2,500,000  in  British  Burma  in  a  population  of  3,736,771.  They  dwell  in  the  valleys 
and  plains  of  the  country,  and  form  the  chief  element  in  the  permanent  population  of  the 
cities  and  towns.  The  Burman  language  is  used  by  all  of  this  race,  with  some  dialectic  varia¬ 
tions  in  different  parts  of  the  country.  It  is  the  language  of  the  courts,  literature,  and  com¬ 
merce  ;  and  efforts  are  being  made  to  have  it  adopted  by  the  people  generally.  The  Burmans 
are  of  a  Mongolian  type,  but  without  the  sleepy  eyes  of  the  Chinese.  Their  faces  have  an 
open,  wide-awake  expression;  and  they  are  generally  enterprising  and  polite  in  their  manners. 
The  women  are  independent  to  an  unusual  degree,  both  in  social  life  and  in  trade,  and  usually 
hold  the  family  purse.  The  Burmans  are  very  strict  Buddhists,  and  hold  strongly  to  their 
inherited  religion. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Judson,  having  been  driven  from  India  by  the  East  India  Company,  sailed 
to  the  Isle  of  France,  or  Mauritius.  They  resolved  to  attempt  the  establishment  of  a  mission 
in  the  Penang  Straits,  and  sailed  for  the  Prince  of  Wales  Island  by  way  of  Madras.  Here 
they  were  unable  to  find  a  ship  bound  for  Penang,  but,  fearing  that  the  East  India  Company 
would  send  them  back  to  England,  they  hastily  took  passage  in  a  vessel  bound  for  Burma,  and, 
after  a  stormy  and  perilous  passage,  they  arrived  in  Rangoon  July  13,  iS  13.  By  this  series 
of  remarkable  providences  was  founded  the  Baptist  mission  in  Burma,  whose  subsequent 
history  has  proved  that  it  was  truly  a  vine  planted  of  the  Lord. 

In  Rangoon  the  Judsons  found  vacant  a  house  formerly  occupied  by  Felix  Carey,  a  son 
of  Dr.  William  Carey,  and  another  representative  of  the  Serampore  Mission,  who  had  opened 
missionary  work  in  Rangoon  in  1807.  This  they  occupied,  and  at  once  began  the  study  of 


r.URMAN  MISSIONS. 


ii 


MANDALAY. 


the  Burman  language  and  missionary  work.  In  1S16  Rev.  George  H.  Hough  and  wife  came  to 
their  assistance,  bringing  a  printing-press  given  by  the  Serampore  Mission.  In  1S17  Dr. 
Judson  was  absent  from  Rangoon  six  months  in  an  attempt  to  procure  a  native  assistant  from 
Arakan,  during  which  time  no  word  was  received  from  him,  and  he  was  given  up  for  lost. 
Mr.  Hough  left  during  his  absence,  and  Mrs.  Judson,  refusing  to  abandon  Rangoon,  was  alone 
amid  a  savage  and  cruel  people;  but  Mr.  Judson  soon  arrived,  and  the  work  of  the  mission 
was  resumed.  June  27,  1819,  nearly  six  years  after  his  arrival  in  Rangoon,  Mr.  Judson  had 
the  joy  of  baptizing  the  first  Burman  convert,  a  man  named  Moung  Nan.  Others  soon  fol¬ 
lowed,  and  the  first  Baptist  church  in  Burma  was  formed  in  Rangoon. 

On  the  10th  of  May,  1824,  the  arrival  of  English  vessels  of  war  at  Rangoon  began  the 
first  Burmese  war,  which  practically  suspended  missionary  operations  for  nearly  two  years. 
The  missionaries  at  Rangoon  were  exposed  to  the  greatest  danger,  and,  after  the  capture  of 
the  city  by  the  English,  they  retired  to  Calcutta,- where  they  remained  until  the  conclusion  of 
the  war.  Concerning  the  fate  of  the  missionaries  at  Ava  great  anxiety  was  felt ;  but  nothing 
definite  was  learned  until  after  peace  between  Burma  and  England  was  concluded,  Feb.  24, 
1826.  Intelligence  of  the  capture  of  Rangoon  by  the  English  was  received  at  Ava  May  23, 
1824;  and  Mr.  Judson  and  Dr.  Price,  who  were  there,  were  arrested,  and  thrown  into  prison 
on  the  8th  of  June.  From  this  time,  for  more  than  a  year  and  a  half,  the  prisoners  suffered 
what  words  cannot  describe  from  the  cruelty  of  their  jailers,  from  dreadful  disease,  and  from 
want,  which  often  approached  the  verge  of  starvation.  They  were  at  first  confined  at  Ava, 
then  removed  for  a  short  time  to  Amarapura  ;  and  their  captivity  culminated  in  the  often- 
described  horrors  of  Oung-pen-la,  from  which  they  were  released  in  January,  1826,  as  the  king 
needed  Mr.  Judson’s  services  as  interpreter  in  the  negotiations  for  peace  with  the  British 
commander.  That  the  missionaries  survived  the  untold  suffering  and  privation  of  this  long 
imprisonment  is  entirely  due  to  the  heroism  of  Mrs.  Judson,  who,  often  in  sickness  and  per- 


12 


BURMAN  MISSIONS. 


sonal  clanger,  ministered  to  their  necessities,  and  with  unflagging  persistency  sought  their 
release. 

The  precious  manuscript  of  the  Burman  Bible  was  preserved  by  being  sewn  up  in  a 
pillow.  The  strain  of  the  imprisonment  at  Ava  was  too  much  for  Mrs.  Judson’s  strength  ;  and 
she  died  soon  after  the  close  of  the  war,  and  was  buried  under  a  Hopia  tree  at  Amherst. 

In  1829  Mr.  Cephas  Bennett  arrived  in  Burma,  bringing  a  printing-press;  and  the  first 
native  was  ordained.  His  name  was  Ko  Thah-a.  Mr.  Judson  had  made  several  visits  to  the 
capital  Ava,  and  Mr.  Kincaid  also  visited  Upper  Burma.  On  Jan.  31,  1834,  Mr.  Judson  com¬ 
pleted  the  great  work  of  translating  the  Bible  into  the  Burman  language,  having  been  obliged  to 
make  his  own  dictionary  and  grammar.  In  December  of  the  same  year  the  mission  received 
a  re-enforcement  of  fifteen  missionaries.  In  1838  Rev.  Edward  A.  Stevens  started  a  class  for 
the  training  of  Burman  teachers  at  Maulmein,  which  was  transferred  with  the  mission  press 
to  Rangoon  in  1862,  and  continued  under  Mr.  Stevens’s  care  till  his  death. 

Dr.  Judson  visited  America  in  1845  after  an  absence  of  thirty-three  years,  and  his  visit 
awakened  great  enthusiasm.  He  returned  to  Burma ;  but  his  health  again  failed,  so  that  he 
sailed  for  the  Isle  of  Bourbon,  but  died  April  12,  1850,  when  three  days  at  sea.  He  was 
buried  in  Lat.  130  N.  and  Long.  930  E. 

The  second  war  between  England  and  Burma  began  Feb.  15,  1851.  The  Tenasserim 
province  had  been  gained  by  England  in  the  first  war,  and  now  the  whole  of  Lower  Burma 
was  taken  and  thrown  open  to  the  missionaries.  At  a  general  convention  of  the  missionaries 
with  Rev.  Solomon  Peck,  D.D.,  the  Secretary  of  the  Society,  and  Rev.  James  N.  Granger, 
D.D.,  from  America,  it  was  resolved  to  open  at  once  new  stations  at  Bassein,  Henzada, 
Prome,  Toungoo,  and  Shwegyin.  In  1869,  fifty  years  from  the  baptism  of  the  first  convert,  the 
number  of  members  in  the  Burman  Baptist  churches  was  985. 

In  December,  1885,  the  British  forces  occupied  Mandalay,  and  deposed  Thebau,  the  last 
Burman  king.  Up  to  that  time  no  mission  had  been  permanently  established  in  Upper 
Burma.  Various  attempts  had  been  made,  but  every  one  had  been  broken  up  by  the  violent 
opposition  of  the  officials  and  the  priests.  Since  that  event  all  Burma  is  open  to  the  gospel 

and  is  being  rapidly  occupied,  seven  new  mission  sta¬ 
tions  being  already  established. 

The  king  of  Burma  has  always  been  regarded  as 
the  chief  patron  of  the  Buddhist  religion,  and  with  the 
downfall  of  King  Thebau  that  powerful  religious  sys¬ 
tem  received  a  severe  blow.  The  old  ecclesiastical 
establishment  in  Burma  is  disorganized  ;  and  the  Bur- 
mans,  who  have  not  been  easy  to  win  to  Christianity, 
are  now  more  favorable  to  the  gospel.  1  he  present 
prospects  of  the  Burman  Mission  are  more  promising 
than  ever  before.  From  nearly  all  the  stations  an 
increased  interest  in  Christianity  is  reported  among  the  Burmans,  baptisms  have  been  more 
numerous  than  usual,  and  earnest  and  anxious  inquirers  after  the  truth  are  often  found 
among  the  proud  people  who  have  so  long  resisted  the  influence  of  the  Divine  Spirit  upon 
their  hearts. 


MISSION  HOUSE,  BASSEIN. 


KURMAN  MISSIONS. 


*3 


KO  THAH-BYU  MEMORIAL  HALL. 


THE  KAREN  MISSION. 

The  Karens  are  divided  into  several  different  tribes,  using  as  many  different  dialects. 
Some  of  these  resemble  each  other  so  much  that  communication  between  them  is  not  difficult, 
and  in  mission  work  the  same  books  may  be  used ;  while  others  are  so  dissimilar  that  it 
requires  close  scientific  observation  to  detect  the  resemblances.  In  general,  the  Karens  are 
small  of  stature,  but  well  proportioned,  and  of  a  quiet  and  peaceful  disposition.  It  is  sup¬ 
posed  that  they  originally  occupied  the  hills  of  Burma,  but  as  many  are  now  found  upon  the 
plains  as  mountains.  They  usually  depend  upon  agriculture  for  their  subsistence.  They  have 
traditions  which  correspond  in  a  remarkable  manner  with  the  Old  Testament  account  of  the 
creation,  temptation,  and  fall  of  man,  and  also  of  the  flood.  They  claim  to  have  had  religious 
books  formerly,  which  were  lost  by  their  ancestors.  From  these  traditions  many  have  argued 
that  the  Karens  are  descended  from  the  lost  tribes  of  Israel ;  but  this  has  never  been  fully 
established,  and  probably  never  can  be.  The  terms  White,  Red,  and  Black  Karens,  which  are 
frequently  met  with,  come  from  variations  in  the  color  of  the  dress  of  different  tribes.  The 
Karens  number  518,294  in  Lower  Burma  alone,  and  are  also  numerous  in  the  Shan  States  and 
in  the  south-eastern  part  of  Upper  Burma.  They  also  extend  over  into  Northern  Siam.  In 
religion  they  are  generally  spirit  or  demon  worshippers,  and  are  very  superstitious  ;  but  they 
do  not  seem  to  be  so  firmly  attached  to  their  religion  as  the  Burmans.  Buddhism,  as  well  as 
Christianity,  is  gaining  many  converts  from  their  ranks. 

George  Dana  Boardman  was  sent  out  as  a  missionary  to  the  Burmans,  and  reached 
Amherst  early  in  1827  ;  but,  after  a  short  residence  there  and  at  Maulmein,  he  removed  to 
Tavoy  with  Mrs.  Boardman.  At  that  time  there  was  living  in  his  family  a  convert  who  had 
formerly  been  a  slave.  His  name  was  Ko  Thah-byu,  and  he  was  afterward  known  as  the 
“Karen  Apostle.”  He  was  the  first  Karen  convert,  and  was  baptized  at  Tavoy  May  16,  1S28. 
In  a  journey  into  the  interior  the  Karens  were  found  ready  to  receive  the  white  teachers  with 
the  gospel.  Some  were  baptized  at  intervals;  and  on  Feb.  9,  1831,  Mr.  Boardman  witnessed 


14 


BURMAN  MISSIONS. 


the  baptism  of  thirty-four  Karens  bv  Mr.  Francis  Mason,  but  he  died  two  days  afterward 
before  reaching  Tavoy. 

Through  the  labors  of  Mr.  Mason  and  others,  the  gospel  was  widely  spread  among  the 
Karens  in  the  Tenasserim  provinces,  and  many  converts  were  baptized ;  but  many  obstacles 
to  the  perfecting  of  the  converts  in  Christian  life  presented  themselves  through  their  intimate 
association  with  the  heathen.  In  1832  it  was  therefore  resolved  to  attempt  the  gathering 
Df  the  converts  into  Christian  villages.  This  was  made  possible  by  the  somewhat  nomadic 
habits  of  the  Karens,  and  the  plan  then  adopted  has  been  pursued  to  a  considerable  extent  in 
the  Karen  Missions  since  that  time.  In  this  same  year  Mr.  Wade  reduced  the  Karen  lan- 
guage  to  written  form  ;  and  the  first  Karen  books  were  printed,  being  a  spelling-book  and 
a  Karen  poem  which  had  been  preserved  in  the  oral  traditions  of  the  people,  which  was  found 
to  contain  a  story  of  the  creation,  agreeing  in  many  particulars  with  the  Mosaic  record. 
Being  free  from  the  superstitions  of  Buddhism,  and  having  traditions  which  taught  them  to 
believe  that  a  new  religion  would  be  brought  to  them  by  a  white  foreigner  from  over  the  sea, 
which  they  should  receive,  the  Karens  proved  much  more  accessible  to  the  truths  of  the 
gospel  than  the  Burmans.  At  the  end  of  1833  two  hundred  and  ninety-two  Karens  had  been 
baptized,  of  whom  one  hundred  and  eighty-seven  were  in  the  Tavoy  district ;  and  the  number 
of  Karen  converts  rapidly  multiplied,  many  being  pupils  in  the  schools  which  were  established 
in  connection  with  each  mission.  At  the  establishment  of  the  Theological  School  in  Tavoy, 
of  the  seventeen  students  twelve  were  Karens. 

When  Rev.  J.  H.  Vinton  began  his  missionary  labors  in  Rangoon  in  1836,  all  through  the 
district  the  gospel  was  received  by  the  Karens  with  eagerness.  The  cessation  of  mission  work 
among  the  Burmans  in  the  Rangoon  and  the  Pegu  district,  caused  by  the  civil  war  in  1837, 
did  not  affect  the  Karen  work.  Mr.  Pi.  L.  Abbott,  who  had  reached  Burma  in  1836,  visited 
the  districts  of  Maubee  and  Pantanau,  and  also  Bassein,  where  he  was  received  with  gladness, 
and  gained  a  number  of  converts,  one  of  whom  was  a  young  chief  of  unusual  intelligence  and 
earnestness.  Although  the  missionaries  were  compelled  to  abandon  the  dominions  of  the  king 
on  account  of  the  prospect  of  war  between  Burma  and  England,  multitudes  of  Karens  heard 
the  gospel  from  the  lips  of  this  young  chief;  and  in  1839  it  was  reported  that  one  thousand 
persons  were  waiting  to  be  baptized.  Being  unable  to  reside  in  the  territory  of  the  king  of 
Burma,  Mr.  Abbott  proceeded  to  Sandoway,  Arakan,  where  he  arrived  March  17,  1840.  As 
soon  as  word  of  his  location  at  that  place  reached  the  Karens,  they  hocked  across  the  moun¬ 
tains  in  large  numbers  to  hear  the  gospel  and  be  baptized.  The  passes  were  jealously  guarded 
by  the  Burmans,  but  so  many  of  the  four  thousand  professing  Christians  in  the  Burinan 
dominions  escaped  into  Arakan  that  the  Burman  governor  ordered  that  they  should  be  allowed 
to  worship  “their  God,”  in  order  to  prevent  the  persecuted  Karens  from  emigrating  in  a  body 
to  Arakan.  In  five  years  more  than  three  thousand  were  baptized  by  Mr.  Abbott  or  the  native 
preachers  under  his  direction,  many  of  whom  were  in  Burma  proper.  The  Karens  endured 
the  persecutions  to  which  they  were  subjected  with  fortitude,  and  refused  to  give  up  their 
faith. 

In  the  Maulmein  and  Tavoy  Missions  the  work  among  the  Karens  was  also  very  suc¬ 
cessful.  In  1843  the  New  Testament  was  printed  in  Karen,  and  a  Karen  paper,  The  Alormng 
Star ,  was  begun  in  Tavoy,  which  is  still  continued.  Rev.  J.  G.  Binney  began  the  Karen 
Theological  Seminary  in  Maulmein  in  1846;  but  it  was  afterward  removed  to  Rangoon,  is 
now  located  at  Insein,  a  suburb,  7  miles  north  of  Rangoon,  and  has  been  for  many  years 


BURMAN  MISSIONS. 


under  the  care  of  Rev.  1).  A.  W.  Smith,  D.D.  During  Mr.  Abbott’s  two  years’  absence  in 
America  in  1846  and  1847  ^ie  two  ordained  Karens  baptized  1,150  converts,  and  on  his 
return  to  Burma  he  found  1,200  converts  awaiting  baptism.  At  the  close  of  1847  there  were 
6,093  Karen  church  members.  Dr.  Francis  Mason  said,  “  I  presume  I  have  preached  the 
gospel  to  more  Burmans  than  Karens ;  and  I  find  that  I  have  baptized  about  fifty  Karens 
to  one  Burman.  The  Burmans  are  our  Pharisees  and  Sadducees  :  the  Karens  our  publicans 
and  sinners.” 

The  Karen  converts,  from  the  first,  showed  a  rare  spirit  of  liberality.  Rev.  Cephas 
Bennett,  writing  from  Tavoy  in  1848,  estimates  that  the  Karen  Christians  of  that  district  were 
giving  more  than  twice  as  much  in  proportion  to  their  ability  as  the  Baptists  in  America. 
The  Karen  churches  connected  with  the  Sandoway  Karen  Mission,  which  were  chiefly  located 
in  the  Bassein  district  of  what  was  then  Burma  proper,  were  reported  as  having  nearly  all 
built  themselves  houses  of  worship.  Some  churches  already  entirely  supported  their  own 
pastors;  and,  in  1848,  40  native  assistants  were  supported  at  a  cost  of  only  600  rupees  to  the 
mission  funds.  At  their  meeting  in  1848  the  Karen  pastors  of  the  Bassein  district  resolved 
that  they  would  relinquish  all  assistance  from  mission  funds,  and  depend  wholly  upon  their 
churches, —  a  rule  which  has  been  adhered  to  in  that  mission  to  the  present  time. 

The  second  edition  of  the  Sgau  Karen  New  Testament,  carefully  revised  by  Rev.  J.  H. 
Vinton,  and  corrected  by  Dr.  Francis  Mason,  with  the  help  of  suggestions  from  Rev.  Jonathan 
Wade  and  Rev.  E.  L.  Abbott,  was  printed  in  July,  1850.  The  Karen  Bible  was  completed  in 
1853.  A  Karen  Home  Mission  Society  was  formed  at  Sandoway  in  December,  1850.  Three 
missionaries  were  appointed,  and  it  was  determined  to  pursue  the  work  “  until  every  Karen 
family  shall  have  seen  the  light  of  God.” 

The  severity  of  the  Burmans  against  the  Christian  Karens  of  the  Bassein  district  drove 
them  to  Arakan  in  such  large  numbers  that  a  great  loss  in  revenue  resulted;  and  the  govern¬ 
ment,  while  allowing  no  missionaries  among  them,  found  it  necessary  to  order  that  persecutions 
should  cease,  and  sought  to  win  back  to  their  homes  those  who  had  emigrated.  This  compar¬ 
atively  favorable  condition  of  affairs  lasted  till  the  second  war  between  the  English  and 
Burmans  was  declared,  Feb.  15,  1852.  The  Karens  were  correctly  suspected  of  sympathizing 
with  the  English,  and  during  the  continuance  of  the  war  suffered  beyond  expression  from  the 
horrible  cruelties  of  the  Burmans.  On  the  conquest  of  the  district  the  English  recognized  the 
claims  of  the  Karens  to  protection,  appointed  the  “young  chief,”  already  referred  to,  as  their 
chief  magistrate,  and  took  measures  to  promote  their  comfort  and  security.  In  1852  Rev. 
E.  L.  Abbott  and  Rev.  H.  L.  Van  Meter  arrived  in  Bassein.  Succeeding  them  came  Rev. 
J.  S.  Beecher,  and  later  still  Rev.  C.  H.  Carpenter.  Under  the  successive  labors  of  these, 
Bassein  soon  became  the  centre  of  the  mission  which  before  had  its  headquarters  at 
Sandoway  in  Arakan.  The  idea  of  self-support  has  had  a  marked  development  in  this 
mission. 

The  establishment  of  five  new  Karen  stations  in  1853  marked  an  era  in  the  rapid  devel¬ 
opment  of  the  Karen  Mission.  577  were  baptized  in  the  first  year’s  work  in  the  Shwegyin 
district,  nearly  all  by  Sau  Doomoo,  a  Karen  preacher.  In  1857  Dr.  Francis  Mason  opened 
work  at  Toungoo.  In  the  first  two  years  of  the  mission  Sau  Quala  baptized  more  than  2,000 
converts.  Since  1865,  under  the  labors  of  Drs.  Cross,  Bunker,  and  others,  the  work  has 
rapidly  extended,  until  there  are  now  not  less  than  6,000  living  disciples  enrolled  in  the 
mission. 


BURMAN  MISSIONS. 


1 6 


TOUNGOO  MISSION  COMPOUND. 


In  1878,  fifty  years  from  the  baptism  of  the  first  Karen  convert,  Ko  Thah-byu,  the  num¬ 
ber  of  members  in  the  Karen  Baptist  churches  in  Burma  was  20,007.  This  jubilee  of  the 
Karen  Mission  was  celebrated  at  Bassein,  May  16  (the  fiftieth  anniversary  of  Ko  Thah-byu’s 
baptism),  by  the  dedication  of  the  Ko  Thah-byu  Memorial  Hall,  for  the  use  of  the  Bassein 
Sgau  Karen  Normal  and  Industrial  Institute,  and  accommodating  three  hundred  boarding 
pupils.  This,  with  other  auxiliary  buildings,  was  built  entirely  at  the  cost  of  the  Bassein 
Karens,  and  on  the  day  of  dedication  the  building  fund  had  reached  the  sum  of  42,342-3 
rupees,  or  about  $22,000,  and  all  debts  were  paid.  During  that  year  the  contributions  of  the 
Bassein  Sgau  Karens  for  all  religious  and  educational  purposes  amounted  to  more  than 
50,000  rupees.  In  addition  to  their  usual  annual  contributions,  they  have  since  raised  an 
endowment  fund  for  the  Institute,  which  is  invested  in  the  United  States,  and  in  1884 
amounted  to  $13,669.50.  Besides  the  fields  named  others  have  made  notable  advances  in  the 
support  of  their  own  religious  institutions,  especially  Henzada,  Shwegyin,  and  Rangoon. 

In  1883  the  completed  translation  of  the  Bible  into  Pwo  Karen,  the  work  of  Rev.  D.  L. 
Brayton,  assisted  by  his  daughter,  Mrs.  A.  T.  Rose,  was  issued  from  the  mission  press  at 
Rangoon,  and  put  into  general  circulation,  thus  giving  the  entire  Word  of  God  to  all  the 
Karens  in  Burma.  The  New  Testament  has  since  been  revised  by  Mr.  Brayton,  and 
published. 

The  Karen  Mission  presents  one  of  the  most  remarkable  exhibitions  of  the  power  of  the 
gospel  which  the  world  has  ever  seen,  and  the  work  is  still  proceeding  with  always  encourag¬ 
ing  prospects.  The  Christian  Karens  are  raised  above  their  heathen  neighbors  in  industry 
and  order,  and  have  gained  the  approval  of  the  government.  The  Administration  Report  of 
1880-81  says,  “The  Karen  race  and  British  government  owe  a  great  debt  to  the  American  mis¬ 
sionaries  who  have,  under  Providence,  wrought  this  change  among  the  Karens  of  Burma.” 


BURMAN  MISSIONS. 


*7 


THE  SHAN  MISSION. 

Shan  is  the  Burman  name  for  those  races  which  call  themselves  Tai.  They  are  probably 
the  most  numerous  and  widely  diffused  of  the  Indo-Chinese  races,  and  occupy  the  valleys  and 
plateaux  of  the  broad  belt  of  mountainous  country  that  leaves  the  Himalayas  and  trends 
south-easterly,  between  Burma  proper  on  the  west  and  China,  Annam,  and  Cambodia  on  the 
east,  to  the  gulf  of  Siam,  The  delta  of  the 
Menam  is  the  only  broad  low  country  in  which 
any  portion  of  them  live.  The  divisions  of  the 
Tai  family  are  the  Siamese,  Laos,  Low,  Burmese 
Shans,  Chinese  Shans,  Khamti,  and  Ahom.  The 
Siamese  form  the  southern  half  and  the  Laos  the 
northern  half  of  the  kingdom  of  Siam,  which  is 
now  the  only  independent  Tai  state.  The  Low 
dwell  east  of  the  Laos,  on  the  farther  side  of 
the  Cambodia  River.  The  Burmese  Shans  ex¬ 
tend  northerly  and  north-westerly  from  the  Laos 
country  to  the  boundary  of  the  Chinese  province 
of  Yunnan.  The  Chinese  Shans  lie  principally 
within  that  province,  while  the  Khamtis  occupy 
the  region  between  the  upper  waters  of  the  Irra¬ 
waddy  and  Assam.  The  Ahom  no  longer  exist  as 
a  separate  people.  After  their  conquest  of  Assam 
they  gradually  lost  their  visibility  as  a  race,  and 
were  absorbed  by  the  Assamese,  whom  they  had 
subdued. 

The  Shans  are  the  travelling  traders  of  Burma, 
bringing  down  large  numbers  of  ponies  and  quan¬ 
tities  of  products  of  the  Shan  States  for  sale.  They  are  an  active,  intelligent  and  enter¬ 
prising  people,  occupying  many  positions  of  trust  and  responsibility  in  Burma.  In  religion 
they  are  Buddhists,  and  are  excessively  bigoted,  and  hard  to  reach  with  the  gospel. 

In  December,  i860,  Rev.  Moses  H.  Bixby  left  America  to  open  a  mission  among  the  Bur¬ 
mese  Shans,  many  of  whom  had  settled  in  Lower  Burma  since  it  had  been  taken  by  the 
British.  Ten  thousand  Shans  had  located  in  the  vicinity  of  Toungoo  ;  and,  as  the  civil  wars 
made  it  impossible  for  Mr.  Bixby  to  go  to  the  Shan  States,  he  established  himself  at 
Toungoo.  A  small  church  of  Shans  and  Burmans  has  been  gathered  in  Toungoo. 

Rev.  J.  N.  Cushing  and  his  wife  joined  the  Shan  Mission  in  1867,  and  have  been  most 
prominently  identified  with  the  work.  Dr.  Cushing  has  made  repeated  visits  to  different  por¬ 
tions  of  the  Shan  States,  and  by  acquaintance  with  the  country  and  the  people  prepared  the 
way  for  the  establishment  of  mission  stations  in  the  Shan  country  when  it  should  be  open  to 
the  residence  of  foreigners. 

O 

The  Gospel  of  Matthew  and  a  Shan  grammar  prepared  by  Dr.  Cushing  were  published 
in  November,  1871.  With  his  wife  he  began  a  mission  among  the  Chinese  Shans  at  Bhamo, 
in  1877,  which  is  still  continued.  In  1880  Mrs.  J.  B.  Kelley  undertook  a  mission  to  the  Shans 


i8 


BURMAN  MISSIONS. 


and  Toungthus  about  Thaton,  and  a  small  church  has  been  formed  there.  I)r.  Cushing  pub¬ 
lished  a  Shan  and  English  dictionary  in  1881,  the  New  Testament  in  1882,  and  has  translated 
the  whole  Bible  into  Shan  ;  and  it  will  soon  be  published  by  the  mission  press  in  Rangoon. 

The  true  home  of  the  Shan  Mission  is  in  Shan  land,  and  all  previous  work  had  been 
largely  preparatory  to  the  establishment  of  stations  in  the  country  of  the  Shans.  The  first 
station  was  opened  at  Thibaw  by  Rev.  M.  B.  Kirkpatrick,  M.D.,  and  wife,  in  1890  ;  and  several 
converts  have  been  baptized.  The  second  was  opened  in  1892  by  Wm.  C.  Griggs,  M.D.,  and 
wife,  and  Mrs.  H.  W.  Mix,  at  Mone,  so  that  the  Shan  Mission  after  all  these  years  of  prepara¬ 
tion  may  be  considered  as  fairly  entered  upon  its  course  of  regular  work. 


THE  KACHIN  MISSION. 


The  people  known  to  the  Burmans  as  Kachins  call  themselves  the  Chingpaus,  and  are 
supposed  to  be  the  same  as  the  Singphos  of  the  south-eastern  hills  of  Assam.  They  are 

found  on  the  hills  of  North-eastern  Burma,  and  extend  over  into 
China  and  north  to  Tibet,  in  the  south-eastern  part  of  which  they 
are  said  to  be  numerous.  They  are  gradually  crowding  farther 
southward  in  Burma,  having  made  considerable  progress  in  that 
direction  within  the  memory  of  living  witnesses.  As  they  go,  they 
displace  the  Shans  and  other  people.  Their  number  is  estimated 
at  five  millions  ;  but  there  are  numerous  tribal  divisions,  with  vari¬ 
ations  of  dialect.  They  are  thought  to  be  related  in  race  to  the 
Karens,  having  some  of  the  same  songs,  customs,  and  traditions  ; 
but  the  language  is  so  different  that  there  can  be  no  communication 
without  acquiring  the  tongue  anew.  They  are  independent,  lawless, 
and  wicked  people,  but  practise  rudely  some  of  the  arts  of  civiliza¬ 
tion.  Their  religion  is  substantially  the  same  as  that  of  the  Karens, 
and  has  no  power  of  moral  restraint  over  their  lives.  Like  the 
Karens,  also,  they  have  a  tradition  of  a  former  revelation,  which  was 
lost,  since  which  time  they  have  worshipped  spirits,  to  which  they 
sacrifice  fowls,  cattle,  dogs,  and 
pigs,  drawing  auguries  from  the 
condition  of  their  entrails. 

The  first  mission  to  this  people  in  Burma  was 
begun  by  Rev.  J.  N.  Cushing  during  his  stay  in  Bhamo 
in  1877  for  the  purpose  of  establishing  a  mission  among 
the  Chinese  Shans.  Mr.  Cushing  visited  many  of  the 
Kachin  mountain  villages,  made  friendship  with  their 
chiefs,  and  settled  several  Karen  preachers  and  teachers 
among  them.  The  Bassein  Karens  have  supported  sev¬ 
eral  of  these  preachers  from  the  first,  and  the  mission 
has  been  continued  with  but  little  interruption  under  the  care  of  missionaries  residing 
Bhamo.  The  Kachins  seem  quite  open  to  the  truths  of  the  gospel,  and  more  than  fifty  of 
them  have  been  baptized. 


KACHIN  WOMAN. 


LYON  MEMORIAL  CHAPEL,  BHAMO. 


BURMAN  MISSIONS. 


19 


THE  CHIN  MISSION. 

By  the  census  of  1881  there  were  55,015  Chins  in  Lower  Burma,  but  the  main  body  of 
the  tribe  is  over  the  border  in  Upper  Burma.  They  inhabit  the  western  Yoma  range  of 
mountains,  stretching  from  Arakan  to  the  Naga  hills  of  Assam. 

Like  the  Karens,  they  are  said  to  come  from  the  north  originally; 
and  those  of  the  north  are  exceedingly  fierce.  The  southern  Chins 
are  milder,  and  are  divided  into  four  tribes  with  dialectic  differences. 

Their  language  has  been  reduced  to  writing.  The  women  of  the 
Chin  settlements  near  the  Burman  towns  are  tattooed  on  their  faces  ; 
but  farther  in  the  interior,  where  they  are  in  no  danger  of  capture 
by  the  ruling  race,  this  practice  is  omitted,  and  they  are  said  to  be 
of  fine  appearance.  In  religion  the  Chins  are  nominally  Buddhists; 
but  they  have  not  abandoned  the  ancient  superstitions  of  their 
race,  which  are  very  similar  to  those  of  the  Karens.  Their  religious 
ceremonies  are  for  the  purpose  of  propitiating  the  evil  spirits  who  are  considered  the  authors 
of  all  kinds  of  disease.  To  these  they  sacrifice  fowls  and  swine.  Like  the  Karens,  they 
believe  in  a  Spirit,  the  Creator  and  the  Supreme  Ruler  of  the  universe  ;  but  they  say  he  is 
so  good  no  one  need  fear  anything  from  him,  so  it  is  not  necessary  to  worship  him. 

A  few  Chins  were  baptized  many  years  ago  in  connection  with  the  mission  work  at 
Prome,  and  attention  was  called  to  this  people  before  the  interruption  of  missionary  work  in 
Arakan  ;  but  no  separate  mission  to  this  people  was  carried  on  until  Rev.  W.  F.  Thomas 
became  interested  in  them  in  connection  with  his  work  for  Karens  at  Henzada.  Rev.  A.  E 
Carson  and  wife  went  out  in  1886,  and  opened  a  station  at  Thayetmyo,  near  the  border  of 
Upper  Burma,  with  the  design  of  reaching  the  Chins  of  the  Chindwin  Valley  ;  and  in  188S 
Mr.  Thomas  removed  to  Sandoway  in  Arakan,  where  the  mission  work  among  the  Chins  has 
been  remarkably  successful,  several  hundred  having  been  baptized.  The  Chin  Mission  is  one 
of  the  brightest  spots  in  the  missions  in  Burma. 


OTHER  MISSIONS  IN  BURMA. 

The  British  province  of  Burma,  including  Arakan,  probably  contains  a  more  varied  popu¬ 
lation  than  any  other  country  of  similar  extent  in  the  world.  There  are  supposed  to  be  as 
many  as  forty-seven  different  races  within  its  limits.  Nearly  all  of  these  are  reached  in  part 
by  the  missions  already  described,  except  the  Telugus  and  Tamils  from  India  proper,  and  the 
Chinese.  Some  missionary  work  is  already  being  done  among  the  half-million  natives  of 
India  and  China  who  have  come  to  Burma  for  the  sake  of  the  higher  wages  prevailing 
there  and  the  less  crowded  condition  of  the  country.  The  centres  of  this  work  are  at  Maul- 
mein,  Rangoon,  and  Bassein.  Burma  is  peculiarly  Baptist  mission  ground.  No  evangelical 
work  of  any  amount  is  carried  on  in  that  country  except  by  American  Baptists,  and  it  should 
be  their  effort  to  adequately  meet  all  the  religious  wants  of  the  people. 


20 


BURMAN  MISSIONS. 


STATIONS  IN  BURMA. 

Burma  is  on  the  eastern  side  of  the  Bay  of  Bengal,  and  is  under  the  English  government, 
ft  comprises  279,077  square  miles,  and  has  an  estimated  population  of  about  8,000,000. 

Rangoon,  the  capital  of  Lower  Burma,  is  on  the  Rangoon  River,  the  eastern  delta-branch 
of  the  Irrawaddy,  20  miles  from  the  sea.  It  is  accessible  to  large  ships,  and  has  a  large 
and  rapidly  increasing  foreign  trade,  and  an  important  traffic  by  the  river.  The  city  is  well 
built,  and  has  a  population  of  180,324. 

Maulmein,  the  chief  town  of  the  Tenasserim  province,  is  situated  at  the  junction  of  the 
Sal  wen,  Attaran,  and  Gyne  Rivers.  It  has  a  good  port,  and  a  large  trade  in  teak,  rice,  and 
ivory.  The  scenery  about  the  city  is  strikingly  beautiful,  and  its  location  healthful.  Popula¬ 
tion,  93,187,  an  increase  of  14  per  cent,  since  1872. 

Tavoy,  on  the  Tavoy  River,  40  miles  from  the  sea,  has  a  pleasant  situation,  and  is  the 
station  where  the  Karen  Mission  began.  It  has  13,372  inhabitants,  a  loss  of  7  per  cent, 
in  ten  years. 

J 

Bassein  (Basseen)  is  on  the  Bassein  River,  the  western  delta-branch  of  the  Irrawaddy, 

100  miles  west  of  Rangoon,  and  50  miles  from  the  sea.  Its  population  has  increased 

36  per  cent,  since  1872,  being  now  28,147.  It  has  a  large  trade  in  rice. 

Henzada,  the  chief  town  of  the  Henzada  district,  is  on  the  main  stream  of  the  Irrawaddy 
River,  nearly  at  the  head  of  the  delta,  and  about  100  miles  north-west  from  Rangoon.  Popu¬ 
lation,  16,724,  an  increase  of  7  per  cent,  in  ten  years. 

Toungoo  (Toung-oo)  is  on  the  west  bank  of  the  Sitang  River,  160  miles  north  of 
Rangoon,  with  which  it  is  connected  by  a  railway.  It  was  the  ancient  capital  of  the  Burman 
empire.  It  has  a  considerable  trade  in  timber,  earth-oil,  salt,  rice,  and  lacquer-work,  and  a 
population  of  17,199,  an  increase  of  60  per  cent,  in  ten  years. 

Shwegyin  is  on  the  Sitang  River,  south  of  Toungoo,  and  100  miles  north-east  from 
Rangoon.  Its  population  has  fallen  off  4  per  cent,  since  1872,  and  is  now  7,519. 

Prome  is  on  the  east  bank  of  the  Irrawaddy  River,  85  miles  west  of  Toungoo, 

and  166  miles  north-west  from  Rangoon,  with  which  it  is  connected  by  a  railway.  It  is  the 
seat  of  a  large  trade  and  manufactures.  Population,  28,813,  a  loss  of  7  per  cent,  since  1872. 

Thongze  (Thong-za)  is  a  country  town  on  the  Prome  and  Rangoon  Railroad,  about 
midway  between  the  two  cities. 

Tharrawaddy  is  a  station  on  the  same  railroad,  about  6  miles  north  of  Thongze. 

Bhamo  (Bah-mau)  is  on  the  Irrawaddy  River,  180  miles  above  Mandalay,  and  only 
40  miles  from  the  Chinese  province  of  Yunnan.  It  was  formerly  capital  of  a  Shan  princi¬ 
pality,  and  has  a  considerable  trade  with  China  by  means  of  caravans.  By  the  river  it  is 
about  800  miles  from  Rangoon. 

Maubin  (Ma-60-bin)  is  a  new  town,  built  up  by  the  English  in  the  jungle,  about  30 
miles  west  of  Rangoon.  It  is  the  headquarters  of  the  Thonkwa  district,  and  has  a  population 
of  about  1,000. 

Thaton  (Thah-tone),  about  30  miles  north-west  from  Maulmein,  is  supposed  to  have 
been  the  capital  of  a  former  Toungthu  kingdom. 

Mandalay,  the  capital  and  most  important  place  of  Upper  Burma,  is  a  large  city  on  the 
east  side  of  the  Irrawaddy  River.  It  is  connected  with  Toungoo  and  Rangoon  by  a  railroad. 


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BURMAN  MISSIONS. 


21 


Thayetmyo  is  on  the  west  bank  of  the  Irrawaddy  River,  near  the  boundary  of  Upper 
Burma.  The  location  is  very  advantageous  for  reaching  the  Chins,  who  inhabit  the  Western 
Yoma  Mountains,  between  Burma  and  Arakan. 

M  yingyan  is  a  town  of  about  15,000  inhabitants,  100  miles  south  of  Mandalay,  on  the 
east  side  of  the  Irrawaddy  River,  between  the  two  mouths  of  the  Chindwin  River. 

Pegu  is  a  native  city  of  importance,  about  40  miles  north-east  of  Rangoon,  on  the  rail¬ 
road.  It  was  formerly  the  capital  of  the  Pegu  province. 

Sagaing  (Saglne)  is  a  populous  town,  on  the  west  side  of  the  Irrawaddy,  15  miles  below 
Mandalay.  It  is  opposite  Ava,  the  scene  of  Judson’s  imprisonment,  which  is  now  an  out- 
station  of  Sagaing. 

Sandoway  is  the  sanitarium  of  Arakan,  and  is  the  only  station  in  that  province.  Before 
the  Pegu  province  of  Burma  was  taken  by  the  British,  Sandoway  was  the  headquarters  of  the 
Bassein  Sgau  Karen  Mission,  and  thousands  were  baptized  there. 

Meiktila  is  between  Toungoo  and  Mandalay,  12  miles  west  of  the  railroad. 

Thibaw  is  140  miles  north-east  of  Mandalay,  and  an  important  centre  in  the  Shan  States. 

Mone  is  south  of  Thibaw,  and  is  the  largest  town  in  the  Shan  States,  having  about  2,000 
houses. 


GAUTAMA. 


o  "> 


ASSAM  MISSIONS. 


NOWGONG  MISSION  HOUSE,  ASSAM. 


THE  ASSAMESE  MISSION. 

Assam  is  the  north-eastern  province  of  India,  containing  55,384  square  miles.  The  popu¬ 
lation  of  the  province  in  1881  was  2,225,271,  of  which  the  larger  part  are  Assamese,  whose 
religion  is  Hinduism.  The  mountains  north  and  south  of  the  valley  are  peopled  by  wild  and 
savage  tribes,  among  whom  are  found  various  forms  of  spirit  worship.  Besides  rice  and  other 
articles,  Assam  produces  the  finest  teas  in  the  world.  Many  of  the  laborers  in  the  tea 
gardens  are  Kohls  from  Central  India,  a  people  who  form  a  most  interesting  and  encouraging 
subject  for  missionary  labors. 

The  mission  in  Assam  was  started  as  a  way  of  reaching  Western  China  ;  but  that  pur¬ 
pose  has  been  accomplished  in  another  way,  and  the  mission  in  Assam  has  long  been  carried 
on  for  its  own  sake.  The  earliest  attempt  to  reach  Assam  for  missionary  purposes  was  made 
in  1835  by  Rev.  Eugenio  Kincaid  from  Burma,  who  went  as  far  as  Mogaung,  and  was  obliged 
to  turn  back  by  the  difficulties  he  encountered.  In  March,  1836,  Rev.  Nathan  Brown  and 
Mr.  O.  T.  Cutter  went  up  from  Burma  with  a  printing-press,  and  opened  a  mission  at  Sadiya. 
In  April,  1837,  Rev.  Miles  Bronson  joined  them,  his  companion,  Rev.  Jacob  Thomas,  having 
been  killed  by  a  falling  tree  when  almost  in  sight  of  the  station.  On  account  of  disturbances 
the  population  at  Sadiya  declined,  and  the  mission  was  removed  to  Jaipur  in  1839,  and  to 
Sibsagor  in  1841.  Stations  were  also  opened  at  Gauhati  in  1837,  and  at  Nowgong  in  1841. 

The  early  history  of  the  Assamese  Mission  is  a  record  of  trial.  The  country  was  in  an 
unsettled  state,  and  proved  un healthful  for  many  of  the  missionaries.  But  the  work  was  con¬ 
tinued,  and  converts  gathered  into  churches.  The  New  Testament  was  translated  by  Mr. 
Brown,  and  the  first  edition  printed  in  1845.  The  Old  Testament  has  been  subsequently 
translated,  chiefly  by  Rev.  A.  K.  Gurney,  and  is  now  (1892)  being  revised  preparatory  to 
being  printed. 


ASSAM  MISSIONS. 


23 


CHAPEL  AND  SCHOOL-HOUSE,  TURA. 


The  Assamese,  as  a  people,  have  not  been  ready  to  receive  the  gospel.  In  proportion 
to  the  amount  of  labor  expended,  the  number  of  converts  is  small ;  and  the  work  for  these 
people  is  not  encouraging  in  itself.  But,  in  connection  with  the  mission  to  the  Assamese, 
much  work  is  being  done  for  other  races  not  yet  set  apart  as  forming  separate  missions. 
The  larger  number  of  members  in  the  churches  on  the  Gauhati  held  are  Garos.  From  this 
station  are  also  reached  the  Kacharis,  Rabbhas,  and  other  tribes.  From  Nowgong  there  is  a 
promising  held  open  among  the  Mikirs  ;  and  the  brightest  prospects  for  missionary  work  in 
the  Assamese  valley  are  among  the  minor  races  rather  than  among  the  Assamese  proper. 


THE  GARO  MISSION. 

The  Garos  are  an  enterprising  people,  occupying  the  hill  country  of  South-western  Assam. 
In  1847  the  government  started  a  school  for  Garo  boys  at  Goalpara,  and  of  the  ten  pupils 
seven  became  the  hrst  converts  and  hrst  laborers  in  the  Garo  Mission.  The  first  two  converts 
were  baptized  by  Dr.  Bronson  at  Gauhati,  Feb.  8,  1863,  and  began  at  once  to  preach  the 
gospel  to  their  own  people,  who  proved  unusually  ready  to  receive  the  truth.  The  hrst  church 
was  organized  at  Ragasimla,  April  14,  1867,  with  forty  members;  and  the  same  year  Goalpara 
was  occupied  as  the  hrst  separate  station  of  the  Garo  Mission  by  Rev.  I.  ].  Stoddard.  By 
tours  through  the  country  the  gospel  was  preached  to  a  large  portion  of  the  Garo  people,  and 
many  were  baptized.  A  Garo  association  was  organized  at  Goalpara,  April  3,  1875  ;  and,  a 
government  station  having  been  opened  at  Tura  in  the  hills,  it  was  occupied  as  a  mission 
station  by  Rev.  E.  G.  Phillips  in  March,  1877,  and  a  church  was  formed  there  the  following 
May.  Rev.  M.  C.  Mason  removed  from  Goalpara  in  November,  1878,  to  Tura,  which  has 
since  continued  to  be  the  headquarters  of  the  Garo  Mission. 

The  government  placed  Christians  in  important  offices  in  the  political  administration  of 
the  Garo  hills,  full  permission  was  given  to  teach  Christianity,  and  the  knowledge  of  the 
gospel  was  widely  spread  among  the  people.  The  converts  who  were  received  became  laborers 


24 


ASSAM  MISSIONS. 


for  the  truth  among  the  people  about  them,  and  from  the  first  the  Garo  Christians  have  mani¬ 
fested  a  strong  spirit  of  self-help  and  activity.  The  school  work  at  Tura  has  been  liberally 

assisted  by  the  government  from  the  first ;  and  the  pupils  of  the  mission 
schools  have  not  only  become  preachers  and  teachers  in  the  mission,  but 
to  a  large  extent  fill  the  government  offices  of  trust  and  authority,  and  so 
exercise  an  important  influence  on  the  people  in  favor  of  civilization  and 
Christianity.  A  Bengali-Garo  Dictionary  has  been  prepared,  and  several 
books  of  the  New  Testament  translated  and  printed,  as  well  as  several 
school-books.  The  Garo  Mission  is  one  of  the  most  interesting  of  the 
missions  in  India;  and,  in  proportion  to  the  number  of  the  people  and 


POSTMAN. 


the  labor  expended,  it  is  one  of  the  most  successful. 


THE  KOHL  MISSION. 

The  Kohls  are  natives  of  Central  India,  and  are  brought  to  Assam  as  laborers  in  the  tea 
gardens.  They  are  settled  chiefly  in  the  upper  half  of  the  Assam  valley,  and  already  number 
several  thousand,  and  the  number  is  increasing.  Many  who  have  been  long  in  the  country 
have  left  the  employ  of  the  tea  cultivators,  and  are  living  in  independent  villages.  Much 
missionary  work  has  been  done  among  this  people  from  Sibsagor  as  a  centre.  Rev.  E.  W. 
Clark  baptized  the  first  Kohls  in  1871;  and  several  churches  had 
been  organized  when,  in  1889,  Rev.  C.  E.  Petrick  was  appointed  the 
first  missionary  to  labor  specially  among  the  Kohls.  The  people  have 
shown  a  surprising  readiness  to  receive  the  gospel, —  similar  to  that 
manifested  by  the  Karens  of  Burma  or  the  Telugus  of  Southern' 

India, —  and  the  future  large  success  of  the  Kohl  Mission  seems  to  be 
already  assured. 


THE  NAGA  MISSION. 


The  various  tribes  of  Nagas  inhabit  the  hill  region  between 
Assam  and  Burma,  and  are  supposed  to  be  the  same  people  as  the 
Chins  of  Burma,  among  whom  missionary  work  is  meeting  with  so 
much  encouragement.  In  1868  Rev.  E.  W.  Clark  and  his  wife  went 
out  to  work  among  the  Assamese  at  Sibsagor ;  but  they  were  from 
the  first  strongly  drawn  to  the  Naga  people  living  in  the  hills  to  the 
south,  who  seemed  to  be  open  to  the  work  of  missionaries.  In  1874 
Mr.  Clark  was  designated  to  the  work  among  the  Nagas,  at  his  own 
request;  and  in  1876  he  and  Mrs.  Clark  established  their  station  at 
Molung  on  the  Ao  Naga  hills,  a  day’s  journey  from  the  post-office. 

They  were  often  for  six  months  together  without  the  sight  of  another 
white  person,  and  without  hearing  their  native  language  spoken  except  by  themselves.  Small 
churches  have  been  gathered  in  three  villages,  and  there  is  a  large  field  for  the  further 


A  NAGA. 


ASSAM  MISSIONS. 


25 


development  of  the  mission.  In  1878  Rev.  C.  D.  King  went  out  to  re-enforce  the  Naga 
Mission,  and  after  several  years’  waiting  began  the  station  at  Kohima  among  the  Angamis, 
the  most  powerful  tribe  of  Nagas.  A  station  was  also  occupied  for  a  time  at  Wokha  by 
Rev.  W.  E.  Witter ;  but  the  mission  among  this  powerful  people,  so  intimately  associated 
with  the  people  of  Burma,  still  awaits  its  adequate  force  of  laborers. 


STATIONS  IN  ASSAM. 

Gauhati  (Gow-hatty),  the  largest  town  in  Assam,  is  on  the  Brahmaputra  River,  and 
has  a  population  of  11,492. 

Nowgong  is  70  miles  east  of  Gauhati,  on  a  side  channel  of  the  Brahmaputra,  and 
has  a  population  of  3,241. 

Sibsagor  (Sib-sau-gur)  is  on  the  Dikho  River,  9  miles  from  the  Brahmaputra.  It 
affords  opportunities  for  missionary  labor  both  among  the  Assamese  and  the  Kohls,  and  has 
an  estimated  population  of  5,000. 

Tura  (Toorah)  is  the  centre  of  influence  among  the  Garos,  and  the  seat  of  the  English 
government  for  the  Garo  Hills  district. 

Molung  (Mo-loong),  the  station  among  the  Ao  Nagas,  is  40  miles  south  from  Sib¬ 
sagor.  It  has  about  500  inhabitants.  The  post-office  of  Molung  is  Amguri. 

Kohima  (Ko-hee-mah)  is  the  headquarters  of  the  English  government  among  the  Angami 
Nagas. 

Wokha  is  the  government  station  among  the  Lhota  Nagas,  between  Kohima  and  Molung. 


naga  medicine  man. 


2b 


INDIAN  MISSIONS. 


MISSION  HOUSE,  NELLORE. 


THE  TELUGU  MISSION. 

The  Telugu  country  is  in  the  south-eastern  portion  of  India,  lying  along  the  shores  of  the 
Bay  of  Bengal,  from  Madras  to  Chicacole.  It  is  partly  in  the  Madras  Presidency,  which  is 
under  the  English  government,  and  partly  in  the  dominions  of  the  native  Nizam,  who  has  his 
capital  at  Hyderabad.  The  Telugus  are  estimated  to  number  about  eighteen  millions.  The 
missions  on  the  interior  plateau  are  divided  from  those  on  the  coast  by  the  Eastern  Ghauts. 
The  religion  of  the  Telugus  is  Hinduism,  but  among  them  are  found  a  large  number  of  out¬ 
casts,  upon  whom  the  religion  has  a  slighter  hold  than  upon  the  higher  classes.  The  most 
of  the  converts  have  come  from  these  lo'wer  classes. 

Besides  the  densely  peopled  regions  where  they  chiefly  dwell,  the  Telugus  are  found  in 
considerable  numbers  in  all  the  towns  and  cities  of  Southern  India,  and  many  make  their  way 
across  the  Bay  of  Bengal  into  Burma  and  other  kingdoms.  From  one-sixth  to  one-third  of  the 
people  of  Madras  are  said  to  be  Telugus.  Several  hundred  thousand  are  found  in  Burma,  and 
some  of  them  have  embraced  the  gospel  in  Rangoon.  Their  language,  though  difficult  of 
acquisition,  is  wonderfully  smooth  and  sweet,  so  that  it  is  often  called  the  Italian  of  India. 

Rev.  Amos  Sutton,  a  missionary  of  the  English  General  Baptists  in  Orissa,  while  on  a 
visit  to  the  United  States  in  the  year  1835,  urged  the  Baptists  of  this  country  to  establish  a 
mission  among  the  Telugus.  The  proposal  of  Mr.  Sutton  received  a  favorable  response  ;  and 
in  September  of  that  year  Rev.  Samuel  S.  Day  with  his  wife  and  Rev.  E.  L.  Abbott  sailed 
from  Boston  to  Calcutta,  with  instructions  to  open  a  mission.  A  large  number  of  other  mis¬ 
sionaries,  under  the  auspices  of  our  Board  of  Foreign  Missions,  designated  to  the  East,  sailed 
with  Messrs.  Day  and  Abbott,  accompanied  by  Rev.  Howard  Malcolm.  On  the  arrival  of  the 
company  at  Calcutta  in  February,  1836,  it  was  decided  that  Mr.  Abbott  should  join  the  Karen 
Mission  in  British  Burma.  Thither  he  went,  leaving  Mr.  Day  to  open  the  Telugu  Mission. 
Mr.  Day  immediately  proceeded  to  Vizagapatam,  one  of  the  principal  cities  of  the  Telugu 
country;  but  he  did  not  long  remain  there.  He  deemed  it  to  be  more  conducive  to  his  work 
to  establish  his  residence  in  one  of  the  suburban  villages  of  Madras. 


INDIAN  MISSIONS. 


27 


.  ,  *.  ,  ,  s/ 

>gg"/  "  '  ''  ' 


Ill  February,  1840,  Mr.  Day  removed  to  Nellore,  which  long  continued  to  lie  the  only 
station  in  the  mission.  Its  early  growth  was  so  slow  that  the  idea  of  abandoning  the  mission 
was  often  agitated.  At  the  annual  meeting  of  the  Union  held  in  Albany,  N.Y.,  in  1853,  the 
question  was  earnestly  discussed,  “  Shall  the  Telugu  Mission  be  relinquished  or  re-enforced  ?  ” 
At  an  evening  session  eloquent  pleas  were  delivered  by  some  for  re-enforcement.  One  of  the 
speakers,  pointing  to  Nellore  on  the  map  suspended  over  the  platform,  called  it  “The  Lone 
Star.”  The  words  fell  on  the  ears  of  one  present  with  peculiar  force.  That  night,  before 
sleeping,  Dr.  S.  F.  Smith,  the  author  of  “My  Country,  ’tis  of  thee,”  and  of  “Yes,  my  Native 
Land,  I  love  thee,”  and  “The  Morning  Light  is  breaking,”  wrote  “  Shine  on,  Lone  Star,”  and 
read  it  in  the  meeting  the  next  morning.  It  came  like  a  prophecy.  It  was  voted  to  re-enforce 
the  mission. 

In  1862,  at  the  anniversary  in  Providence,  R.I.,  relinquishment  of  the  Telugu  Mission 
was  again  discussed ;  but  it  was  resolved  to  await  the  arrival  of  Dr.  Jewett,  who  was  on  his  way 
to  this  country,  before  deciding  the  question.  Dr.  Jewett  said  that  he  would  never  abandon 
the  Telugus  ;  and  Dr.  Warren,  the  Secretary  of  the  Union,  said  to  him  :  “Well,  brother,  if  you 
are  resolved  to  return,  we  must  send  somebody  with  you  to  bury  you.  You  certainly  ought  to 
have  a  Christian  burial  in  that  heathen  land.” 

In  1853  was  held  that  remark¬ 
able  prayer-meeting  on  a  hill,  now 
known  as  “Prayer-meeting  Hill,” 
overlooking  Ongole.  New  Year’s 
morning  five  believing  souls  as¬ 
cended  the  hill,  and,  looking  down 
upon  the  idolatrous  temples  of  the 
place,  they  felt  a  peculiar  inclina¬ 
tion  to  ask  God  for  a  missionary 
to  be  sent  to  Ongole.  In  that 
prayer-meeting,  composed  of  Dr. 

Jewett,  Mrs.  Jewett,  and  the  na¬ 
tive  Christians,  Ruth,  Julia,  and 
Christian  Nursu,  there  was  given 
to  them  a  stro?ig  assurance  of 
being  heard  in  the  special  prayer 
then  and  there  offered.  The  answer  came  after  the  lapse  of  twelve  years  :  Rev.  John  E. 
Clough,  the  “missionary  for  Ongole,”  arrived  at  Nellore  in  company  with  Dr.  Jewett. 

Every  department  of  missionary  labor  was  carried  forward  with  vigor,  and  the  seed 
yielded  affluent  harvests.  New  out-stations  were  opened,  and  the  people  from  villages  near 
and  remote  came  and  begged  for  teachers.  A  chapel  was  erected  at  Ongole,  built  of  stone 
and  laid  in  lime,  at  a  cost  of  $1,170,  the  whole,  except  $125,  being  collected  in  the  country. 
Mr.  Clough  wrote  that  within  a  year  the  people  in  more  than  eight  hundred  villages,  within  a 
circuit  of  forty  miles  around  Ongole,  had  heard  the  gospel,  had  had  the  Scriptures  offered 
them,  and  been  entreated  to  repent,  believe,  and  be  saved.  The  word  of  God  had  free  course. 
In  a  thousand  villages  Christ  was  preached,  and  converts,  more  and  more,  were  added  to 
the  Lord.  The  whole  number  baptized  in  the  Telugu  Mission  to  Dec.  31,  1876,  was  4,394. 

Then  came  the  dark  days  of  the  famine,  in  the  course  of  which  nearly  400  Telugu  Chris- 


PRAYER-MEETING  HILL,  ONGOLE. 


28 


INDIAN  MISSIONS. 


tians  died.  The  missionary  work  in  some  of  its  departments  was  suspended,  and  the  efforts 
of  the  brethren  were  turned  as  far  as  possible  to  the  saving  of  life.  They  were  made  the 
almoners  of  the  government;  and  in  superintending  public  works,  undertaken  to  give  employ¬ 
ment  to  the  starving  people,  they  gained  new  access  to  many  hundreds  of  minds,  and  influence 
over  them.  It  was  thought  best  for  a  time  to  use  the  greatest  caution  in  giving  encouragement 
under  such  circumstances  to  those  who  professed  conversion  and  requested  baptism,  lest  they 
should  seek  to  be  recognized  among  the  disciples  for  mercenary  motives.  Hence  for  eighteen 
months  none  were  received  to  the  church. 

After  the  famine  was  nearly  over,  during  which  he  had  baptized  none  for  fear  the  poor 
people  would  ask  for  baptism  from  improper  motives,  Dr.  Clough  sent  word  to  all  his  native 
preachers  to  bring  their  candidates  for  baptism  to  a  point  on  the  Gundalacuma  River,  north  of 
Ongole.  When  he  reached  there,  he  found  6,000  persons  were  gathered.  He  stationed  each 
one  of  his  40  native  preachers  under  a  tree,  and  told  them  to  gather  their  converts  about  them 
and  proceed  to  examine  them  for  baptism,  making  a  list  of  those  who  were  thought  suitable 
to  be  received.  Dr.  Clough  himself  went  from  place  to  place,  superintending  the  whole 
examination.  After  all  were  examined,  it  was  found  that  more  than  3,600  had  been  received, 
and  their  names  placed  upon  the  list.  About  800  were  baptized  the  first  day. 

At  that  point  the  government  road  crosses  the  river  by  a  ford.  The  banks  of  the  river 
are  high,  and  an  inclined  way  for  the  road  had  been  made,  beginning  quite  ,a  distance  back 
from  the  bank,  and  descending  gradually  to  the  bed  of  the  river.  At  this  particular  time  the 
water  in  the  river  was  high ;  and,  while  the  current  rushed  by  outside,  there  was  a  calm  eddy 
of  water  which  flowed  up  over  the  road  to  a  considerable  distance,  making  a  natural  baptistery. 
On  the  second  day  two  clerks  were  stationed,  one  on  each  side  of  the  bank  above  the  road, 
with  the  list  of  the  accepted  candidates. 

Then  two  native  preachers  descended  into  the  water  to  a  sufficient  depth,  a  name  was 
called  out  by  each  clerk,  and  the  person  whose  name  was  called  went  down  into  the  water 
to  the  preacher.  The  formula  of  baptism  was  repeated  in  each  case,  and  they  were  baptized. 
So  the  administration  of  the  ordinance  went  on,  from  an  early  hour  in  the  morning  of  July  3, 
1878,  until  about  nine  o’clock.  When  the  two  preachers  became  tired,  two  others  were  sent 
in  their  places.  The  administration  of  baptism  was  suspended  during  the  heated  hours  in  the 
middle  of  the  day.  About  three  or  four  o’clock  it  was  resumed  in  the  same  manner,  and 
continued  until  2,222  were  baptized,  concluding  about  seven  in  the  evening.  The  whole 
time  occupied  in  the  baptism  was  about  ten  hours,  and  only  two  native  preachers  officiated 
at  a  time.  There  were  six  in  all  relieving  each  other  as  those  who  were  acting  became 
weary.  Dr.  Clough  baptized  none  himself.  So  this  great  event  was  concluded,  the  largest 
number  baptized  on  profession  of  their  faith  in  Christ  on  one  day  since  the  day  of  Pentecost. 
All  was  done  decently  and  in  order;  and  the  manner  in  which  this  large  number  was  bap¬ 
tized  proves  that  not  only  could  3,000,  but  even  twice  3,000,  be  baptized  in  a  day  with 
perfect  order  and  propriety  if  the  Lord  should  ever  give  such  a  blessing  to  his  people. 

Between  June  15  and  Sept.  17,  1878,  9,147  were  baptized.  On  Dec.  28,  1890,  1,671 
were  baptized  at  Ongole.  In  connection  with  a  visit  made  to  the  missions  in  1890-91,  by 
Dr.  H.  C.  Mabie,  one  of  the  secretaries  of  the  Union,  he  and  his  companion,  Dr.  Waterman, 
while  guests  of  Dr.  Clough,  baptized  about  700,  brought  in  by  the  native  preachers  in  the  course 
of  three  days.  Several  thousands  at  various  stations  were  added  within  a  few  months, —  3,000 
within  three  weeks  on  the  Cumbum  field. 


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INDIAN  MISSIONS. 


29 


The  remarkable  revival  has  continued  to  the  present  time.  The  number  of  converts 
among  the  Telugus  is  now  nearly  50,000.  “The  Lone  Star,”  so  long  an  almost  hopeless 
field,  is  now  accepted  as  one  of  the  wonders  of  the  modern  missionary  enterprise.  The  con¬ 
verts  have  remained  remarkably  steadfast,  and  are  grow¬ 
ing  in  education,  intelligence,  and  self-dependence.  The 
Ongole  field,  which  witnessed  such  wonderful  displays 
of  divine  grace,  has  been  divided  into  nine,  each  with 
its  central  station  and  missionary  family.  Other  new 
stations  have  also  been  established,  the  school  work 
advanced,  and  the  work  is  rapidly  extending. 

The  rapid  growth  and  present  state  of  the  Telugu 
Mission  throw  a  great  responsibility  on  the  Baptists  of 
America.  The  thousands  of  converts  recently  won  from 
heathenism,  and  the  thousands  who  are  coming  to  the 
gospel  every  year,  must  be  trained  and  taught  how  to 
become  an  orderly  and  independent  Christian  community.  Their  children  must  be  educated, 
a  strong  and  able  native  ministry  raised  up,  and  the  work  so  wonderfully  blessed  be  carried  on 
to  a  glorious  consummation.  For  this  we  must  pray  and  give. 


STATIONS  IN  THE  TELUGU  MISSION. 

Nellore,  in  Madras  Presidency,  is  on  the  river  Pennar,  15  miles  from  the  sea  and  100 
miles  north  of  Madras.  It  has  a  population  of  27,505.  A  railway  connects  Nellore  with 
Madras. 

Ongole  (Ongole)  is  18 1  miles  north  from  Madras  and  10  miles  from  the  sea.  It  is  built 
in  a  crescent  around  the  base  of  a  high  hill,  and  has  9,200  inhabitants. 

Ramapatam  (accents  on  first  and  last  syllables)  is  a  small  town  on  the  Bay  of  Bengal, 
between  Nellore  and  Ongole.  It  is  the  seat  of  the  Brownson  Telugu  Theological  Seminary, 
and  is  on  the  Buckingham  Canal. 

Secunderbad,  the  headquarters  of  the  British  forces  in  the  Nizam’s  dominions,  is  3 
miles  north  of  Hyderabad,  the  largest  Mohammedan  city  of  India,  and,  next  to  Constantinople, 
the  largest  in  the  world,  having  a  population  of  263,005.  Secunderabad  is  358  miles  north¬ 
west  of  Madras.  Population,  exclusive  of  garrison,  about  50,000. 

Kurnool  (Koornool)  is  on  the  Tungabhudra  River,  no  miles  south-west  from  Hyder¬ 
abad,  and  is  the  centre  of  a  large  Telugu  population.  It  has  20,329  inhabitants. 

Madras  (Ma-dras),  on  the  Bay  of  Bengal,  is  the  capital  of  the  Presidency  of  Madras.  It 
has  only  an  artificial  harbor,  yet  there  is  an  extensive  commerce.  The  country  about  Madras 
is  fine.  Population  in  1872,  397,552;  in  1881,  405,848. 

Hanamaconda  (Hun-u-mu-konda)  is  86  miles  north-east  of  Secunderabad.  It  is  an  impor¬ 
tant  railway  station  and  political  centre  of  the  Nizam’s  dominions.  The  population  is  about 
8,000. 

Cumbum  is  about  60  miles  west  of  Ongole.  Its  “  tank  ”  or  artificial  reservoir  is  remark- 

O 

ably  large  and  fine.  There  are  7,170  inhabitants. 


INDIAN  MISSIONS 


3° 

ViNUKONDA(Vi-nu-kon-da)  is  on  the  new  line  of  railway  from  Bellary  to  Guntur,  about  65 
miles  north-west  from  Ongole.  It  has  5,000  or  6,000  inhabitants. 

Nursaravapetta  is  on  the  same  railway,  55  miles  north  of  Ongole. 

Bapatla  is  fifty  miles  north-east  from  Ongole,  and  has  6,086  inhabitants. 

Udayagiri  is  a  small  town  60  miles  north-west  from  Nellore. 

Palm ur  is  a  small  town  about  half-way  between  Secunderabad  and  Kurnool. 

Nalgonda  is  about  50  miles  south-east  of  Secunderabad,  in  the  centre  of  a  dense  Telugu 
population. 


[Note.  —  The  government  spelling  for  East  Indian  names  is  adopted,  except  in  the  case  of  a  few  long  familiar  words.  The 
pronunciation  of  letters  will  be  as  follows  :  a  as  in  father;  e  as  a  long  ;  i  as  ee  in  fool ;  o  as  in  mote  ;  u  as  oo  in  fool ;  b  as  e  in  her  .  it  as  in 
German  MzVnchen  ;  a/as  i  in  zee ;  au  as  mu  in  how ;  b,  d,f,j,  /,  in,  n,  p,  r,  s,  th,  t,  v,  w,  z ,  ch,  as  in  English  ;  g  as  in  garden  ;  h  always 
pronounced  except  in  th,f>h,  and^-/r;  gr ,  an  Oriental  guttural;  gh,  another  Oriental  guttural ;  y  as  in  y ard.  Vowels  are  lengthened  by  a 
circumflex.  Letters  are  only  doubled  when  there  is  a  distinct  repetition  of  the  original  sound.  All  the  syllables  of  a  word  are  usually 
accented  equally.] 


CAREY’S  PULPIT. 


CHINESE  MISSIONS. 


3T 


ENTRANCE  TO  NINGPO  RIVER. 


THE  SIAMESE  MISSION. 

As  no  part  of  China  was  then  open  to  the  residence  of  foreigners,  Rev.  William  Dean,  the 
first  American  Baptist  missionary  to  the  Chinese,  began  work  at  Bangkok,  Siam,  in  July,  1835. 
The  mission  in  Siam  has  been  continued  to  the  present  time,  but  has  not  been  fruitful  in  con¬ 
versions.  It  is,  however,  of  importance,  especially  on  account  of  the  growing  power  of  the 
Chinese  in  that  country. 

Siam  contains  about  310,000  square  miles,  and  has  a  population  of  5,750,000.  The  king 
is  one  of  the  most  progressive  monarchs  of  Asia,  and  has  decreed  religious  liberty  to  all 
within  his  dominions.  He  holds  the  sovereignty  of  large  territories  in  the  Laos  country,  but 
has  little  direct  control  over  the  people.  Siam  is  a  very  rich  and  fertile  country,  but  the 
people  are  indolent.  The  Chinese  are  in  the  country  in  large  numbers,  and  hold  in  their 
hands  the  most  important  industries.  The  religion  is  Buddhism  in  its  purest  forms. 

Bangkok,  the  capital  of  Siam,  is  on  the  Menam  River,  20  miles  from  its  mouth.  Many 
of  the  houses  are  built  on  rafts  on  the  river,  one-third  of  the  population  of  the  city  being 
said  to  be  afloat.  There  are  extensive  manufactures,  and  the  city  has  a  large  export  trade. 
The  population  numbers  about  500,000,  the  most  of  whom  are  Siamese,  one-third  Chinese, 
and  the  balance  Malays,  Burmans,  Laos,  etc. 


MISSIONS  IN  CHINA. 

China  is  the  largest  empire  in  the  world,  containing  more  than  4,000,000  square  miles 
and  nearly  400,000,000  people,  or  about  one-quarter  of  the  population  of  the  world.  The 
Chinese  are  conservative,  industrious,  and  proud.  Their  religion  is  a  mixture  of  Confucian¬ 
ism,  Taouism,  and  Buddhism;  but  the  religion  that  has  the  strongest  hold  upon  their  affec¬ 
tions  and  life  is  the  worship  of  ancestors  and  the  fear  of  the  spirits  of  earth  and  air,  or  Feng- 
Shui.  The  conversion  of  the  Chinese  to  Christianity  is  a  slow  process  ;  but  they  are  stable 
and  even  efficient,  when  once  converted.  All  the  Chinese  read  one  written  language,  but 


CHINESE  MISSIONS. 


32 


A  JfM 


there  are  numerous  spoken  dialects  in  Southern  China.  All  the  people  in  the  north  part  of 
(  hina  piopei  speak  one  dialect,  the  Mandarin.  1  he  people  of  the  south  have  seemed  more 
accessible  to  the  gospel  in  the  past,  both  in  the  Baptist  and  in  other  missions  ;  but  of  late,  in 
many  places  in  Central  China,  many  converts  have  been  gathered. 

Rev.  J.  L.  Shuck  opened  the  first  American  Baptist  mission  in  China  at  the  Portuguese 
settlement  at  Macao,  Sept.  17,  1836,  but  afterward  removed  to  Hongkong,  and  later  to  Canton. 
After  Hongkong  was  ceded  to  the  English,  in  August,  1842,  Mr.  Dean  removed  there;  and  a 
church  was  organized  the  following  year,  which  still  exists.  Rev.  J.  W.  Johnson  arrived  at 
Hongkong  in  1847,  and  Rev.  \\  illiam  Ashmore  in  1857,  removing  from  Bangkok,  where  he 

had  labored  since  1851.  The  mission  was  removed  to  Swatow,  its 
present  location,  in  1859.  Rev.  J.  R.  Goddard  (senior),  who 
had  reached  Bangkok  in  1840,  removed  to  Ningpo  when  that 
port  was  opened  in  1842  ;  and  so  the  chief  centres  of  the 
missions  in  China  were  established. 

The  Southern  China  Mission,  while  covering  a 
large  territory,  has  been  carried  on  from  Swatow  as  a 
centre.  Evangelization  has  been  made  prominent. 
Under  the  labors  of  Drs.  Ashmore  and  S.  B. 
Partridge  and  other  younger  men,  the  work  has 
become  widely  extended.  A  strong  force  of 
native  workers  of  both  men  and  women  has 
been  raised  up.  New  stations  are  now  being 
opened  in  the  interior,  especially  among  the 
Hakkas,  or  highland  people.  Rev.  George  Campbell  has  been  the  pioneer  among  this  people, 
having  travelled  extensively  among  them.  They  stand  high  in  literary  attainments  according 
to  Chinese  ideas,  and  are  a  people  of  great  force  of  character.  Their  women  do  not  bind 
their  feet,  as  is  customary  in  other  parts  of  China. 

The  Eastern  China  Mission  was  inaugurated  on  the  opening  of  the  port  of  Ningpo  in 
1842.  Rev.  Josiah  Goddard  and  D.  G.  MacGowan,  M.D.,  were  the  first  to  enter  the  field. 
The  former  translated  large  portions  of  the  Scriptures.  The  latter  established  a  hospital. 
The  work  extended  to  the  island  of  Chusan.  In  1847  Rev.  E.  C.  Lord  joined  the  mission, 
laboring  for  twenty  years.  In  1854  Rev.  M.  J.  Knowlton  arrived,  and  continued  in  efficient 
labor  until  his  lamented  death  in  1874.  The  mission  has  spread  to  Hangchau,  Huchau, 
Shaohing,  and  Kinhwa.  At  Shaohing  a  school  for  the  training  of  native  preachers  has  been 


AN  OUTLOOK  IN  SWATOW  COMPOUND. 


opened. 

The  mission  in  Szchuan,  the  most  western  province  of  China,  was  opened  in  1889  by 
Rev.  William  M.  Upcraft,  who  had  already  spent  several  years  in  China  in  the  work  of  Bible 
distribution.  He  was  accompanied  by  Mr.  George  Warner.  They  established  their  head¬ 
quarters  at  Sui-chau-fu,  commonly  called  Sui-fu,  on  the  Upper  Yangtse  River.  The  people  of 
that  province  are  found  to  be  less  prejudiced  against  foreigners  than  those  nearer  the  coast, 
and  the  prospects  of  the  mission  are  very  hopeful.  A  church  has  already  been  formed,  com¬ 
posed  of  about  a  dozen  members,  and  the  mission  lately  re-enforced  by  six  new  missionaries. 

One-half  the  heathen  world  is  in  the  Chinese  Empire ;  and,  in  proportion  to  its  importance 
and  probable  influence  on  the  nations  of  the  East,  American  Baptists,  as  well  as  others,  may 
well  greatly  extend  their  operations  there,  as  divine  providence  opens  the  way. 


100 


105 


115 


15 


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33 


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AN  f  Stationsof  the  A.  B.  M.  U.  in  this  type,  Swatow 

The  China  Inland  Missions  are  underscored. 

A.  American  Board  (Congregational). 

B.  Baptist  Mission  Soc’y.  London.  BS.  Southern  Bap’t Convention 
M.  Methodist,  Wesleyan,  Etc.  F.  Presbyterian. 

R.  Reformed  Dutch.  L.  London  Missionary  Society. 

C.  Church  Missionary  Society.  S.  Society  Propagation  Gospel. 

E.  Protestant  Episcopal. 


100 


105 


Longitude  East 


110 


from  Greenwich 


115 


120 


CHINESE  MISSIONS. 


33 


STATIONS  IN  CHINA. 

Ningpo  (accent  on  last  syllable),  province  of  Che-Kiang,  one  of  the  open  ports  of  China, 
is  on  the  river  Yung,  12  miles  from  the  sea.  It  has  a  population  of  about  200,000,  and  is 
surrounded  by  a  fine  and  populous  country.  Junk-building  is  carried  on,  and  there  are  exten¬ 
sive  manufactures,  and  a  large  trade  in  salt,  with  considerable  foreign  commerce. 

Swatow  (Swau-tow),  province  of  Quang-tung,  is  a  treaty  port  on  the  estuary  of  the  Han 
River,  5  miles  from  the  sea,  225  miles  east  from  Canton  and  about  180  miles  north-east 
from  Hongkong.  It  has  an  active  foreign  commerce  and  large  manufactories.  Population, 
30,000.  The  residences  of  our  missionaries  are  at  Kak-Chieh,  opposite  Swatow,  across  a 
channel  about  one  mile  wide. 

Shaohing  (Zhow-shing),  about  100  miles  west  from  Ningpo,  is  a  large  city  of  about 
150,000  inhabitants,  in  the  midst  of  a  fertile  and  populous  country. 

Mun  Keu  Liang,  among  the  Hakkas,  is  a  village  of  300  inhabitants,  60  miles  west  of 
Swatow. 

Kinhwa  is  a  city  of  the  second  rank,  about  250  miles  south-west  from  Ningpo.  Popula¬ 
tion,  about  50,000. 

Huchau  is  a  large  city  about  100  miles  south-west  of  Shanghai,  and  a  noted  silk  mart, 
with  a  population  of  70,000. 

Sui-chau-fu  (or  Sui-fu)  is  a  large  city  on  the  Yangtze  River  in  Sz-Chuan,  the  most 
western  province  of  China,  with  a  population  of  40,000,000. 

Kayin  is  an  important  city  and  a  political  centre  in  the  country  of  “Hakkas,”  or  high¬ 
landers  of  Quang-tung  province,  north-west  of  Swatow. 


DRAGON  TILE,  MING  TOMBS,  NANKING. 


34 


THE  JAPANESE  MISSION. 


APPROACH  TO  NAGASAKI,  PAPPENBERG. 


THE  JAPANESE  MISSION. 

Japan,  “The  Sunrise  Kingdom,”  is  said  to  comprise  3,850  islands,  with  an  area  of  147,000 
square  miles.  The  population  is  40,072,000.  It  is  the  most  progressive  nation  of  Asia.  Edu¬ 
cation  is  general,  and  a  larger  proportion  of  the  people  of  Japan  can  read  than  in  any  other 
country  in  the  world.  They  are  ready  to  receive  Western  ideas,  and  buy  and  read  the  Bible 
and  Christian  books  with  avidity,  but  as  yet  chiefly  from  curiosity.  A  constitutional  form  of 
government  was  adopted  in  1890.  The  religions  of  the  country  are  Shintoism  and  Buddhism, 
but  all  religions  are  placed  on  an  equality  as  to  privileges  in  the  empire. 

The  first  Baptist  missionary  in  Japan  was  Rev.  Jonathan  Goble,  who  labored  there  a  few 
years  previous  to  1872,  under  the  auspices  of  the  American  Baptist  Free  Mission  Society.  The 
mission  was  transferred  to  the  American  Baptist  Missionary  Union  in  1872,  and  Rev.  Nathan 
Brown,  D.D.,  was  associated  with  Mr.  Goble  as  the  first  missionary  of  the  Union  to  Japan. 
They  arrived  in  Yokohama  in  February,  1873,  just  at  the  time  the  edict  against  Christianity 
was  formally  abrogated.  , 

Mr.  Goble’s  connection  with  the  mission  closed  before  the  end  of  the  year  ;  but  his  life  in 
Japan  is  noteworthy,  as  furnishing  one  of  the  most  striking  illustrations  of  the  secular  benefits 
conferred  by  missionary  work,  through  the  invention  by  him  of  the  jinrikisha,  or  “man-power 
carriage,”  which  is  now  in  universal  use  in  Japan  and  in  the  coast  cities  of  China.  Its  use  is 
even  extending  over  into  Burma  and  India.  It  is  stated  that  the  annual  revenue  of  the 
Japanese  government  from  the  jinrikisha  licenses  is  much  more  than  the  cost  of  all  the 
missions  in  the  empire. 

Rev.  J.  H.  Arthur  and  his  wife  joined  the  mission  in  October,  1873  ;  and  before  the  close 
of  the  year  a  church  was  organized,  with  eight  members.  Mr.  Arthur  labored  with  great  zeal 
and  success,  until  in  1877  he  was  compelled  to  return  to  America  by  the  failure  of  his  health, 
and  died  in  Oakland,  Cal.,  December  9.  His  death  was  a  great  blow  to  the  mission.  In 
spite  of  his  age,  Dr.  Brown  rapidly  acquired  an  accurate  knowledge  of  Japanese,  and  made 


c=> 

5 


O 


THE  JAPANESE  MISSION. 


35 


the  first  translation  of  the  New  Testament  in  that  language,  as  he  had  before  into  Assamese. 
His  Japanese  Testament  is  still  regarded  as  remarkably  accurate  and  idiomatic. 

Miss  Anna  H.  Kidder,  who  went  to  Japan  in  1875,  estab¬ 
lished  a  school  for  girls  in  Tokyo,  which  now  occupies  the 
Sarah  Curtis  Home,  erected  by  the  Baptist  Women  of  Maine 
as  a  memorial  of  one  of  their  number.  This  has  its  counterpart 
in  Yokohama  in  the  Mary  L.  Colby  Home,  built  by  the  gener¬ 
ous  gift  of  Mrs.  Colby  of  Newton  Centre,  Mass.  Two  similar  Y 
schools  of  more  recent  origin  are  in  operation  at  Sendai  and  at 
Chofu.  These  girls’  schools  are  wielding  a  powerful  influence 
in  forming:  a  chaste  and  noble  standard  of  womanhood  for 

&  THE  JINRIKISHA. 

Japan. 

The  Baptist  Mission  in  Japan  has  not  added  so  many  to  the  membership  of  its  churches 
as  other  missions,  but  it  has  been  built  with  care,  and  is  largely  free  from  the  undue  inde¬ 
pendence  and  disquieting  restlessness  which  disturb  the  missions  of  some  other  churches. 
The  year  1891,  which  witnessed  a  positive  decline  in  some  branches  of  mission  work  in  Japan, 
was  the  best  year  for  our  Baptist  Mission,  246  having  been  added  to  the  churches.  Although 
there  are  drawbacks  to  our  work  there  peculiar  to  the  stage  through  which  the  country  is 
passing,  and  especially  due  to  the  state  of  its  treaty  relations  which  loudly  call  for  readjustment, 
it  is  one  of  the  most  encouraging  mission  fields  in  tlje  world. 


STATIONS  IN  JAPAN. 

Yokohama  is  the  most  important  port  of  Japan,  on  the  west  shore  of  Yeddo  Bay,  17 
miles  south  of  Tokyo.  The  city  is  of  a  European  appearance,  and  has  more  than  half  the 
foreign  trade  of  the  empire.  The  population  numbers  139,058,  of  whom  3,010  are  Chinese 
and  870  Europeans  and  Americans. 

Tokyo  (To-kee-yo),  the  capital  of  the  Japanese  Empire,  is  on  both  sides  of  the  Ogara 
River  at  its  mouth,  and  has  a  larger  area  than  any  European  or  American  capital,  comprising 
about  60  square  miles.  The  population  numbers  1,400,000.  It  is  the  seat  of  the  Imperial 
University,  with  nearly  one  hundred  instructors,  and  has  a  large  number  of  schools. 

Kobe  is  the  foreign  settlement  of  the  city  of  Hiogo  on  the  “  Inland  Sea.”  It  is  well 
built,  has  a  fine  harbor,  and  a  large  tea  trade.  The  population  of  Hiogo  and  Kobe  is  117,000. 

Sendai  is  the  next  important  city  in  the  north  of  Japan.  It  has  85,600  inhabitants  and 
a  railroad  to  Tokyo. 

Shimonoseki  is  a  city  of  33,725  population  on  the  strait  which  connects  the  Inland  Sea 
with  the  Yellow  Sea.  It  has  a  large  commerce.  It  is  the  port  for  Chofu. 

Morioka  is  about  100  miles  north  of  Sendai,  with  which  it  is  connected  by  railroad,  and 
has  32,646  population. 

Nemuro  is  in  the  eastern  part  of  Yesso,  the  most  northern  of  the  large  islands  of  Japan. 
It  has  8,000  people. 

Osaka  is  the  second  largest  city  in  Japan,  having  nearly  1,000,000  inhabitants,  and  is  a 
little  east  of  Kobe  on  the  railroad  to  Yokohama. 


THE  CONGO  MISSION. 


LIVINGSTONE  FALLS. 


THE  CONGO  MISSION. 

Africa  is  called  “The  Dark  Continent  ”  because  so  much  of  its  territory  has  until  recently 
been  shut  up  from  the  knowledge  of  the  civilized  world.  The  Congo  Arnlley  contains  1,300,000 
square  miles,  or  one-tenth  of  Africa,  and  an  estimated  population  of  39,000,000.  From  above 
the  Livingstone  Falls  it  is  easily  accessible  to  commerce  and  civilization.  The  people  are 
untouched  by  the  influences  of  Christianity,  and  offer  a  vast  and  needy  field  for  missionary 
work.  Their  religious  condition  is  fetichism  of  the  lowest  grade.  The  whole  of  the  Congo 
Valley  is  now  freely  open  to  missionary  operations,  according  to  the  treaty  of  Berlin. 

Mr.  Henry  M.  Stanley  reached  Boma,  near  the  mouth  of  the  Congo,  Aug.  7,  1877,  999 
days  after  leaving  Zanzibar,  on  the  east  coast.  In  a  few  months  after  the  tidings  of  his  long 
and  perilous  journey  “ through  the  Dark  Continent”  reached  England  the  Lord  stirred  the 
hearts  of  a  few  of  his  servants  to  attempt  the  evangelization  of  the  immense  regions  now  for 
the  first  time  opened  to  the  knowledge  of  the  civilized  world.  Rev.  A.  Tilly,  of  Cardiff,  was 
the  first  secretary  of  the  mission.  These  friends  banded  together,  and  acted  as  the  council 
of  the  mission  until  Oct.  8,  1880,  when  the  responsible  management  was  given  into  the  hands 
of  Dr.  and  Mrs.  H.  Grattan  Guinness  of  London,  the  others  continuing  to  act  as  council  of 
conference. 

The  first  missionary  of  the  Livingstone  Inland  Mission,  Henry  Craven,  sailed  from 
Liverpool  for  the  Congo  in  January,  1878.  In  June  two  more,  Messrs.  Telford  and  Johnson, 
followed  ;  and  “  Cardiff  station,”  named  for  the  place  where  the  enterprise  had  its  origin, 
was  established  a  few  miles  below  the  Yellala  Falls.  Palabala,  on  the  south  side  of  the 
river,  was  soon  afterward  selected  as  the  second  station  ;  and  here  Mr.  James  Telford  died, 
and  was  buried  in  the  first  Christian  grave  on  the  Congo. 

In  February,  1883,  a  site  for  a  station  was  secured  at  Leopoldville,  Stanley  Pool ;  and 
thus  the  chain  of  stations,  six  in  number,  completed  from  the  coast  to  the  head  of  Livingstone 
Falls.  May  29  the  stern  paddle-wheel  steamer  “  Henry  Reed,”  intended  for  the  navigation  of 
the  Upper  Congo,  was  launched  in  London,  and  shipped  via  Rotterdam  in  November.  The 


THE  CONGO  MISSION. 


37 


vessel  was  so  constructed  as  to  be  taken  in  pieces,  and  packed  in  five  hundred  small  man¬ 
loads,  for  transportation  from  the  coast  to  the  Pool.  It  is  71  feet  long,  10  feet  beam,  and 
>  feet  deep,  with  light  draught.  The  whole  of  the  hull  of  the 
‘Henry  Reed”  had  reached  Stanley  Pool  early  in  April,  1884; 
and  it  was  launched  November  24  on  the  Pool,  from  which 
there  is  open  to  it  a  stretch  of  navigable  water  6,000  miles  in 
length,  in  the  most  fertile  country  on  the  globe,  and  inhabited 
by  nearly  40,000,000  of  human  beings. 

To  this  time  50  missionary  agents,  male  and  female,  had 
been  sent  to  the  Congo,  of  whom  12  had  died,  and  others  left 
the  service.  The  staff  then  consisted  of  26  missionaries,  of 
whom  3  were  in  England.  The  Congo  language  had  been  re¬ 
duced  to  writing,  a  grammar  and  dictionary  published,  several 
hopeful  converts  gained,  and  7  stations  established,  extending 
more  than  700  miles  into  the  interior.  The  whole  expense  of 
the  mission  to  this  time  had  been  about  $150,000.  This  work 

•  •••  ••  ’  1  * 

was  offered  to  the  American  Baptist  Missionary  Union  m  May, 

1883  ;  was  accepted  by  the  Society  and  Board  of  Managers  at  the  Annual  Meetings  in  Detroit, 
Mich.,  May  23  and  24,  1884,  and  by  the  Executive  Committee,  after  a  full  conference  with  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Guinness,  Sept.  9,  1884. 

Since  the  mission  on  the  Congo  was  assumed  by  the  Missionary  Union,  it  has  been 
thoroughly  reorganized,  all  the  stations  rebuilt,  and  four  new  stations  established.  At  Banza 
Manteke  in  1886,  after  seven  years’  labor,  more  than  one  thousand  people  at  one  time 
abandoned  their  fetich  worship,  and  professed  to  be  followers  of  Christ,  so  that  Mr.  Richards, 
the  missionary,  could  say,  “  Banza  Manteke  is  more  Christian  than  any  place  I  am  acquainted 
with.”  There  is  now  at  that  station  a  school  for  the  training  of  native  preachers  and  evangel¬ 
ists.  At  Lukunga  also  the  work  has  made  great  progress,  and  the  gospel  has  spread  into  all 
the  country  about.  There  are  converts  at  every  station.  In  1891  about  sixty  at  Bolengi  near 
the  equator  left  their  heathenism  and  professed  Christianity,  and  the  promise  for  the  future 
is  exceedingly  bright  on  all  the  field. 

It  is  the  firm  conviction  of  many  who  have  made  a  special  study  of  the  world,  with  refer¬ 
ence  to  missionary  work,  that  all  things  being  considered,  country  and  climate,  races  and 
religion,  the  Congo  Valley  affords  the  grandest  opportunity  for  fresh  missionary  enterprise 
which  the  world  has  to  offer  to-day.  Looking  the  whole  world  over,  seeing  the  evangelized 
portions,  it  is  certain  that  the  opening  for  new  missionary  work  in  the  Congo  Valley  is  the 
grandest  which  can  ever  be  offered  to  the  Christians  of  the  world.  The  Congo  V alley  once 
occupied  by  Christian  missions,  the  world  has  not  left  so  vast  and  needy  a  territory,  so  rich 
and  fair  a  country,  such  vigorous  and  increasing  peoples.  Without  doubt  Africa  is  to  see  a 
great  and  splendid  development  in  the  near  future.  The  fairest  regions  of  this  goodly  heritage 
are  open  before  the  Congo  Mission. 


STATIONS  ON  THE  CONGO. 

Mukimvika  is  at  the  mouth  of  the  Congo  River,  on  the  south  side.  As  it  is  a  healthful 
place,  it  is  resorted  to  as  a  sanitarium  by  missionaries  from  the  interior. 


38 


THE  CONGO  MISSION. 


Palabala  is  no  miles  from  the  mouth  of  the  Congo  River.  For  a  healthful  location  the 
station  is  placed  12  miles  back  from  the  south  bank  of  the  river. 

Banza  Manteke  (short  e)  is  40  miles  beyond  Palabala,  and  has  a  fine  location  in  a  fertile 
and  populous  country. 

Lukunga  is  69  miles  above  Banza  Manteke,  between  that  station  and  Stanley  Pool.  , 

Leopoldville,  at  the  head  of  Livingstone  Falls,  on  Stanley  Pool,  is  destined  to  become 
a  place  of  great  importance  in  the  growth  of  the  Congo  Valley  in  commerce  and  civilization. 

Bwemba  is  in  the  populous  district  of  Chumbiri  on  the  east  bank  of  the  Congo,  170  miles 
above  Stanley  Pool,  and  just  below  the  marshy  regions  of  the  great  central  valley. 

Bolengi  is  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Congo  River  at  the  lower  crossing  of  the  equator, 
among  a  numerous  and  very  vigorous  tribe  of  people  called  the  Balolo.  The  language  of 
this  people  is  spoken  over  an  extensive  territory  in  the  great  southern  bend  of  the  Congo. 

Kinjila  is  70  miles  south-west  of  Leopoldville,  on  the  road  to  Lukunga. 

Irebu  is  60  miles  below  Bolengi,  and  at  the  entrance  of  the  stream  connecting  with  Lake 
Mantumba. 

Matadi  is  at  the  head  of  navigation  on  the  Lower  Congo,  and  is  the  starting-point  for 
the  railroad  now  being  built  to  Stanley  Pool.  The  river  is  navigable  to  this  point  for  ocean 
vessels. 


d>""^ 


-tfjuvvy  t, 


'anhu.vo'l 


nana_p 


uLilU&JUUjli 


UluiM^L^,jna 


EUROPEAN  MISSIONS 


39 


THE  MISSION  IN  FRANCE. 

In  1832  Professor  Irah  Chase  was  authorized  by  the  Board  of  the  Baptist  Convention 
to  go  to  France  and  organize  Baptist  mission  work  there.  He  took  with  him  Rev.  J.  C.  Ros- 
tan,  who  opened  a  place  of  worship,  but  died  in  1833.  In  1834  Rev.  Isaac  Wilmarth  arrived, 
and  a  church  of  six  members  was  organized  May  10,  1835.  Rev.  Erastus  Willard  and  Rev. 
David  N.  Sheldon  went  to  France  this  same  year  ;  but  no  American  missionaries  have  been 
sent  since  1856,  the  work  being  conducted  wholly  by  natives  of  France.  Among  these  may 
be  mentioned  Rev.  Victor  Lepoids,  who  labored  with  untiring  faithfulness  in  Paris  for  many 
years  ;  Rev.  J.  B.  Cretin,  who  has  done  a  great  work  in  spreading  the  knowledge  of  Baptist 
principles  among  the  French  by  means  of  the  numerous  tracts  he  has  written  and  circulated; 
Rev.  F.  Vincent,  who,  besides  his  own  labors,  has  given  two  able  sons  to  the  French  Baptist 
ministry ;  Rev.  Reuben  Saillens,  a  Baptist,  who  was  a  leader  in  the  McAll  Mission  for  many 
years,  but  has  now  given  himself  wholly  to  work  in  Baptist  lines;  and  others  not  less  faithful. 

Early  Baptist  work  in  France  was  carried  on  amid  persecution.  The  brethren  were 
imprisoned  and  fined.  The  columns  of  the  Baptist  Missionary  Magazine  were  searched  by  the 
French  authorities  for  evidence  which  would  enable  them  to  arrest  the  Baptist  preachers,  so 
that  it  became  necessary  to  print  the  mission  letters  and  reports  with  the  names  left  blank. 
But  now  there  is  perfect  freedom  for  Baptist  work  in  France,  and  Baptist  principles  are  grow¬ 
ing  in  favor.  Many  members  and  preachers  in  the  State  churches  are  Baptists  in  their  views, 
and  a  number  of  able  and  useful  pastors  have  already  joined  the  Baptist  ranks.  The  year 
1891  was  the  best  year  of  the  mission  to  that  time.  378  were  baptized,  and  at  the  end  of 
the  year  there  were  12  churches  and  1,359  members.  The  prospects  of  the  Baptist  Mission 
in  France  are  exceedingly  bright. 


THE  MISSIONS  IN  GERMANY  AND  CENTRAL  EUROPE. 

April  22,  1834,  seven  persons  were  baptized  at  Hamburg  by  Professor  Barnas  Sears. 
The  baptism  was  at  night,  as  the  law  did  not  permit  of  the  observance.  One  of  this  little 
company  was  Rev.  John  Gerard  Oncken,  who  had  previously  labored  under  the  auspices  of 
the  British  Continental  Society  and  the  Edinburgh  Bible  Society.  He  entered  the  service 
of  the  American  Baptist  Convention  Sept.  25,  1834,  and  became  the  father  and  apostle 
of  Baptist  work  in  Germany  and  Central  Europe.  The  Baptists  suffered  much  from  persecu¬ 
tion.  Mr.  Oncken  was  twice  imprisoned  for  preaching  the  gospel,  and  others  suffered  in  like 
manner.  But  the  Baptist  churches  multiplied  with  great  rapidity,  and  have  been  constantly 
gaining  in  strength  and  in  freedom  of  worship.  In  Germany  they  are  now  practically  without 
restriction;  but  in  Austria  and  Hungary,  in  Roumania  and  Bulgaria,  in  Poland  and  Russia, 
where  there  are  now  many  thousands  of  Baptists,  great  persecution  is  still  endured.  In  Aus¬ 
tria  Baptists  can  only  meet  in  private  houses,  and  cards  of  invitation  as  to  a  private  gathering 
must  be  sent  out.  In  Russia  Baptist  preachers  are  exiled,  and  one  whole  church  at  Tifiis  was 
arrested  and  summarily  conducted  to  the  Persian  frontier.  Another  church,  rather  than 
endure  the  persecutions  to  which  it  was  exposed,  emigrated  as  a  body  to  South  America,  the 
richer  helping  the  poorer  in  the  payment  of  their  expenses. 


40 


EUROPEAN  MISSIONS. 


In  spite  of  all  their  trials  the  Baptists  of  Central  Europe  have  grown  wonderfully;  and, 
although  their  ranks  are  constantly  depleted  by  emigration  to  the  United  States  and  other 
countries,  they  continually  increase,  and  are  now  found  in  every  country  and  principality  of 
Central  Europe,  from  the  Rhine  to  the  Volga.  There  is  a  Baptist  Publishing  House  at  Ham- 
burg,  and  a  Baptist  'Theological  Seminary  which  sends  forth  its  students  into  all  German¬ 
speaking  countries.  Because  of  the  emigration  mentioned  above,  because  of  the  persecu¬ 
tions,  because  the  most  of  the  Baptists  in  Central  Europe  are  from  the  poorer  classes, 
they  still  need  the  help  of  their  brethren  in  America. 


THE  MISSIONS  IN  SWEDEN,  NORWAY,  AND  FINLAND. 

In  1834  a  young  Swedish  sailor,  Mr.  Frederick  O.  Nilson,  was  converted  in  the  United 
States,  and  in  1839  went  to*  Sweden  to  labor  as  a  missionary  in  his  native  land.  In  1844 
another  Swedish  sailor,  Mr.  G.  W.  Schroeder,  was  baptized  in  the  Mariners’  Baptist  Church, 
New  York  City,  and  went  to  Sweden  in  1845,  being  the  first  Baptist  in  that  country.  Through 
his  influence  Mr.  Nilson  was  led  to  Baptist  views.  He  was  baptized  by  Mr.  Oncken  in  Ham¬ 
burg  in  1847,  and  the  first  Baptist  church  in  Sweden  was  organized  by  him  Sept.  21,  1848.  Mr. 
Nilson  was  arrested  in  1849,  and  forbidden  to  preach.  He  was  again  arrested  in  1851,  and 
banished  from  the  country;  but  he  left  behind  him  56  Baptist  believers.  Rev.  Andreas 
Wiberg,  a  talented  and  scholarly  priest  of  the  Lutheran  Church,  was  converted,  and  was  bap¬ 
tized  in  Copenhagen  by  Mr.  Nilson  in  1852.  Two 
gentlemen  from  Stockholm  went  to  Hamburg,  and 
were  baptized  by  Mr.  Oncken  in  1854;  and  Mr. 
Wiberg  was  called  back  from  America  in  1855,  and 
began  the  Baptist  missionary  work  there,  which  has 
now  grown  to  such  large  proportions.  A  theolog¬ 
ical  seminary  for  the  training  of  preachers  for  the 
growing  churches  was  founded  in  1866,  under  Rev. 
Knut  O.  Broadv,  which  has  been  of  inestimable 
service  to  the  Baptist  cause  in  Sweden  and  among 
Swedish  people  all  over  the  world.  Its  graduates 
number  more  than  200,  and  are  laboring  in  Sweden, 
Norway,  Finland,  Spain,  Russia,  America,  China, 
and  Africa.  The  persecutions  from  which  the 
early  Baptists  in  Sweden  suffered  so  severely  have 
largely  passed  away,  and  the  Baptist  name  is  be¬ 
coming  known  and  honored  in  the  country.  I  he 
Swedish  Baptists  are  generally  poor,  and  still  need 
to  be  aided  from  this  country ;  but  they  have  given 
and  labored  heroically  for  their  work  in  their  own 
country,  and  are  also  doing  much  to  send  the  gospel  to  other  peoples.  I  heir  rapid  growth 
in  numbers  is  matched  by  their  spirituality  and  aggressiveness  in  the  work  of  Christ  every¬ 
where.  The  present  membership  is  about  36,150. 


EUROPEAN  MISSIONS. 


4‘ 


THE  MISSION  IN  SPAIN. 

The  American  Baptist  Mission  in  Spain  began  in  1870,  when  Professor  W.  I.  Knapp 
opened  places  for  preaching  the  pure  gospel  at  Madrid,  Barcelona,  Alicante,  La  Scala,  Valen¬ 
cia,  Linares,  and  Alcoy.  The  first  Baptist  church  was  organized  in  Madrid,  Aug.  10,  1870, 
with  33  members,  and  within  two  years  there  were  churches  at  Alicante  and  Valencia.  The 
early  progress  of  the  mission  was  rapid  and  encouraging;  but,  Mr.  Knapp  having  left  the  coun¬ 
try  in  1876,  it  became  disorganized  by  the  intolerant  persecutions  of  the  government,  the 
native  pastors  became  discouraged,  some  proved  faithless,  and  of  this  promising  work  little 
trace  now  remains. 

•  The  mission  in  Spain  has  taken  a  new  lease  of  life  under  the  labors  of  Rev.  Eric  Lund,  of 
Sweden,  at  Barcelona,  since  1882.  He  was  joined  in  1887  by  Rev.  Manuel  C.  Marin,  a  native 
of  Spain,  who  graduated  at  Colby  University  in  Maine  and  at  Newton  Theological  Institu¬ 
tion  ;  and  under  the  faithful  labors  of  these  brethren  there  are  encouraging  sUns  that  the  dark 
night  of  Spanish  superstition  and  intolerance  will  be  lightened  by  the  rays  of  the  Sun  of 
Righteousness. 


INSTITUTIONS  FOR  HIGHER  EDUCATION. 


THE  KAREN  THEOLOGICAL  SEMINARY,  INSEIN,  NEAR  RANGOON,  BURMA. 

Rev.  D.  A.  W.  Smith,  D.D.,  President ,  and  a  Native  Faculty. 

THE  RANGOON  BAPTIST  COLLEGE,  BURMA. 

- ,  President.  Prof.  D.  C.  Gilmore,  and  a  Native  Faculty. 

THE  BROWNSON  TELUGU  THEOLOGICAL  SEMINARY,  RAMAPATAM,  INDIA. 

Rev.  W.  B.  Boggs,  D.D.,  President ,  and  a  Native  Faculty. 

THE  AMERICAN  BAPTIST  MISSION  COLLECE,  ONGOLE,  INDIA. 

Prof.  L.  E.  Martin,  M.A.,  Principal ,  Rev.  O.  R.  McKay,  and  a  Native  Faculty. 

BIBLICAL  SCHOOL,  SHAOHING,  CHINA. 

Rev.  Horatio  Jenkins,  Principal. 

BIBLICAL  SCHOOL,  TOKYO,  JAPAN. 

BETHEL  THEOLOGICAL  SEMINARY,  STOCKHOLM,  SWEDEN. 

Rev.  K.  O.  Broady,  D.D.,  President.  Rev.  A.  Drake. 

BAPTIST  THEOLOGICAL  SCHOOL,  HAMBURG,  GERMANY. 

Rev.  Joseph  Lehmann.  Rev.  J.  G.  Fetzer. 


Woman’s  Work. 


We  have  learned  from  an  old  adage  that  we 
cannot  tell  it  all,  since  it  is  “never  done,  ’’but  a 
glimpse  through  the  record  of  the  last  twenty  years 
shows  so  much  of  well  defined  organized  effort 
that  we  may  well  pause  for  a  thought  of  it.  Two 
Societies  having  for  their  object,  work  by  women, 
through  women,  for  foreign  missions,  have  this  year 
attained  their  majority  and  entered  their  twenty- 
second  year  —  The  Woman’s  Baptist  Foreign 
Missionary  Society,  with  its  headquarters  in  Boston  ; 
and  the  Woman’s  Society  of  the  West,  with  its  head¬ 
quarters  in  Chicago.  Within  a  few  years,  two  other 
Societies  have  been  formed,  one  in  California  and 
one  in  Oregon. 

For  convenience,  economy  and  efficiency,  these 
societies  determined  from  the  first  to  act  as  auxiliary 
to  the  Missionary  Union,  with  an  individual  work, 
rather  than  as  an  independent  body  with  distinct 
interests.  It  was  not  desired  that  the  women  in 
our  churches  should  lessen  their  gifts  to  the  Union, 
of  whose  constituency  they  formed  so  large  a  part ; 
but  that  they  should  lay  aside  at  least  two  cents  a 
week,  as  an  additional  thank-offering,  and  an  espe¬ 
cial  gift  to  their  less  fortunate  sisters  in  heathen 
lands.  It  was  believed  that  the  work  of  the  older 
Society  would  be  broadened  and  rendered  more 
effective  by  this  step.  The  experience  of  the  past 
twenty-one  years  has  borne  out  this  expectation. 
A  careful  comparison  of  statistics  proves  that,  on 
the  whole,  funds  have  not,  as  some  of  our  anxious 
friends  feared,  been  diverted  from  the  treasury 
of  the  Union  to  that  of  the  Woman’s  Society.  On 
the  other  hand,  the  Woman’s  Societies  have 
gradually  shouldered  the  burden  of  the  school 
work;  they  have  aided  enterprises  for  which  the  overtaxed  resources  of  the  Union  were 
insufficient ;  they  have  assumed  the  support,  in  some  cases,  of  the  widows  of  missionaries ;  a 
home  has  been  erected  for  the  children  of  missionaries,  and  health  resorts  for  missionaries 


The  Taj  Mahal. 


42 


WOMAN’S  WORK. 


43 


themselves ;  they  have  laid  the  foundations  for  the  work  of  the  future  by  instructing  the  young, 
scattering  attractive  missionary  literature  over  the  land,  and  they  have  done  much  to  arouse  an 
intelligent  interest  in  the  general  cause. 

With  the  regular  publications,  “The  Helping  Hand,”  “King’s  Messengers  to  Heathen 
Lands”  and  “The  Monthly  Foreign  Letter”  from  workers  on  the  field,  with  the  Prayer  Calen¬ 
dar,  the  carefully  prepared  “  Studies  in  Baptist  Missions  ”  and  the  constantly  increasing  stream 
of  leaflets  adapted  to  all  needs,  surely  no  woman  in  our  land  need  fail  of  an  interest  in  foreign 
missions,  through  ignorance  of  foreign  missions,  and  from  the  next  generation  we  may  well  ex¬ 
pect  great  things. 

An  enterprise  which  will  be  a  lasting  memorial  to  our  Baptist  women,  is  that  of  the  Home 
for  Children  of  Missionaries,  established  at  Newton  Centre  in  1880  ;  with  the  recent  alterations 
the  house  will  accommodate  twenty-five  children  at  a  time,  and  the  whole  number  who  have 
found  it  truly  a  home  since  its  opening  is  thirty-four.  Many  mothers  have  found  that  in  leaving 
their  children  in  the  loving  care  of  Mrs.  McKinlay,  the  parting  was  far  less  hard  than  it  other¬ 
wise  must  have  been,  and  returning  in  after  years  have  had  earnest  words  of  appreciation  for  the 


love  and  care  given. 


Another  want  which  has  long  been  felt  is  that  of  some  suitable 
course  of  Bible  study  under  one  or  more  competent  teachers,  but 
it  is  only  within  two  years  that  a  plan  has  unfolded  which  includes 
within  its  scope  several  advantages,  of  which  the  study  of  the 
Scriptures  is  the  most  prominent.  Within  this  time  ten  young 
ladies  have  been  permitted  to  attend  lectures  at  the  Theological 
Institution  at  Newton  Centre,  Mass.,  and  have  derived  untold 
benefit  from  the  privilege.  By  vote  of  the  trustees  this  arrangement 
is  to  be  continued,  and  a  way  is  thus  opened  for  the  acquisition 
of  Bible  knowledge  on  the  part  of  all  young  women  recommended 
by  the  Board  of  the  Woman’s  Baptist  Foreign  Missionary  Society. 
The  Society  of  the  West  has  opened  a  correspondence  course  in 
Christian  Doctrines  and  Bible  study  which  has  already  proved 


Japanese  Junk. 


helpful,  and  though  it  means  work,  yet  it  is  labor  well  repaid  to  those  faithfully  following  it. 

Since  its  organization,  the  Woman’s  Baptist  Foreign  Missionary  Society  has  supported  on 
the  field  92  missionaries  and  is  now  supporting  58  missionaries,  13 1  Bible  women,  233  schools 
with  7660  pupils,  amongst  whom  during  the  last  year,  1891-92,  422  baptisms  have  been  reported. 
The  amount  raised  by  this  Society  in  its  first  year  was  $9,172.63  in  its  twenty-first  year  the 
receipts  were  93,511.23  ;  the  total  receipts  for  the  twenty-one  years  are  $1,141,179.32. 

The  Society  of  the  West  has  supported  66  missionaries,  and  is  now  supporting  41  missionaries, 
53  Bible  women,  30  schools  with  2234  pupils,  with  the  report  of  97  baptisms  among  them.  The 
receipts  for  the  twenty-one  years  are  $483,995.73.  The  Societies  of  California  and  Oregon  have 
also  made  a  worthy  record  ;  the  former  having  undertaken  the  support  successively  of  two 
missionary  families. 

The  women  of  our  churches  have  the  history  of  the  next  twenty  years  of  these  Societies  in 
their  own  hands.  Would  we  have  its  record  still  more  of  achievement,  we  must  ask  great  things 
remembering  that  we  ask  of  a  great  God. 


44 


MISSIONARIES  AND  STATISTICS. 


Missionaries  by  Stations. 

V 

O  z 

<D  - 

a  o 

«§: 

< 

Native 

Preachers. 

CO 

<0 

0 

4* 

3 

r— 

| 

Baptisms. 

1891. 

Members. 

Schools. 

Pupils. 

BURMA. 

i 

! 

j 

1.  Rangoon.  —  Begun  1813. 

1 

1 

! 

i 

1 

I 

A.  T.  Rose  and  wife, 

Burman. 

1853 

5 

4 

65 

493 

7 

231 

Mrs.  E.  L.  Stevens, 

tt 

1837 

1 

*Miss  E.  F.  McAllister, 

u 

1877 

1 

*Miss  M.  E.  Williams, 

a 

1884 

*Miss  Ruth  W.  Rannev  (in  U.  S.), 

tc 

1884 

*Miss  II.  Phinney  (in  U.  S.), 

tc 

1885 

tMiss  M.  M.  Cote,  M.  D.  (in  U.  S.), 

1 888 

A.  E.  Seagrave  and  wife, 

Sgau  Karen. 

1888 

70 

82 

238 

4,066 

5r 

1,622 

L.  J.  Denchfied  and  wife  (in  U.  S.), 

C  C 

1882 

Mrs.  j.  H.  Vinton, 

CC 

1861 

D.  L.  Brayton, 

Pzvo  Karen. 

1837 

J.  N.  Cushing  (and  wife  in  U.  S.), 

Shan. 

1866 

D.  A.  W.  Smith  and  wife,  Karen  Theo.  Sem. 

j863 

76 

E.  B.  Roach  (and  wife  in  U.  S.), 

College. 

1887 

’ 

1 

82 

D.  C.  Gilmore  and  wife, 

tt 

1890 

*Miss  Annie  Hopkins,  Eurasian  Boys'  School. 

1891 

*Mrs.  Anna  M.  Bailey  (in  U.  S.), 

CC 

1889 

1 

F.  D.  Phinney  and  wife  (in  U.  S.), 

Supt.  Press. 

1882 

2.  Maulmein.  — 1827. 

E  O.  Stevens  and  wife, 

Burman. 

1865 

8 

4 

18 

326 

8 

436 

Miss  Susie  E.  Haswell, 

CC 

1867 

*Miss  S.  B.  Barrows, 

tt 

1872 

*Miss  Ellen  E.  Mitchell,  M.  D., 

it 

1879 

*Miss  Agnes  Whitehead, 

C< 

1884 

*Miss  M.  Elizabeth  Carr, 

tc 

1890 

Mrs.  L.  M.  Haswell  (in  U.  S.), 

LC 

l859 

*Miss  Martha  Sheldon  (in  U.  S.), 

iC 

1876 

J.  L.  Bulkley  and  wife, 

Karen. 

1884 

26 

15 

P 

1,481 

27 

805 

*Mrs.  C.  H.  R.  Elwell, 

CC 

1872 

tMiss  E.  J.  Taylor, 

C i 

1888 

tMiss  Naomi  Garton  (in  U.  S.), 

tt 

1881 

W.  F.  Armstrong  and  wife  (in  Eng.), 

Eng.  Ch.  Telugus 

and  Jamils. 

1884 

2 

1 

69 

1 

40 

*Miss  Sarah  R.  Slater,  Eurasian  Home. 

1S89 

1 

l 

1 

3.  Tavoy  — 1828. 

1 

! 

1 

Burman  . 

2 

. 

14 

1 

70 

11.  Morrow  and  wife, 

Karen. 

1876 

23 

26 

998 

21 

623 

4.  Bassein. — 1840. 

E.  Tribolet, 

Burman. 

1888 

4 

1 

52 

175 

I 

57 

M.  Tameson  and  wife  (in  U.  S.), 

CC 

1869 

B.  P.  Cross  and  wife, 

Sgau  Karen. 

1872 

C.  A.  Nichols  and  wife  (in  U.  S.), 

tt 

1879 

97 

90 

412 

9.097 

94 

1,728 

*Miss  I.  Watson, 

4  ( 

1867 

tMiss  A.  B.  Harris, 

u 

1887 

*Miss  H.  E.  Hawkes, 

u 

1888 

fMiss  Mary  C.  Fow'ler,  M.  D. 

tc 

1890 

1 

L.  W.  Cronkhite  and  wife  (in  U.  S.), 

Pzvo  Karen. 

1881 

24 

28 

149 

C447 

22 

595 

tMiss  S.  J.  Higby, 

it 

1876 

1 

tMiss  Lillian  R.  Black, 

U 

1891 

fMiss  L.  E.  Tschirch  (in  U.  S.), 

tc 

1884 

MISSIONARIES  AND  STATISTICS  —  Continued. 


45 


Missionaries  hy  Stations. 

Date  of 

Appointment. 

Native 

Preachers. 

_  1 

Churches. 

c n 

E  2 

0 

a 

m 

Members. 

Schoo's. 

Pupils. 

5.  Henzada.  —  1853. 

J.  E.  Cummings  and  wife, 

♦Miss  Eva  Squires, 

W.  I.  Price  and  wife  (in  U.  S  ), 
tMiss  Bithia  Wepf, 

IMiss  A.  M.  Modisett, 

♦Mrs.  C.  B.  Thomas  (in  U.  S  ), 

6.  Toungoo.  — 1853. 

Burman. 

<C 

O 

OO  On 
CO  00 

M  1-1 

6 

3 

6 

T54 

4 

177 

Karen. 

U 

u 

t< 

1879 

1887 

1891 

1850 

41 

48 

80 

2,320 

37 

1,260 

PI.  P.  Cochrane  and  wife, 

Burman. 

1888 

5 

1 

17 

86 

2 

102 

E.  B.  Cross  and  wife, 
tMiss  E.  R.  Simons, 
tMiss  F.  E.  Palmer  (in  U.  S  ), 

Baku  Karen. 

a 

1844 

1887 

I8S0 

85 

69 

238 

2,279 

60 

552 

Truman  Johnson,  M.  D.,  and  wife, 

A.  Bunker  and  wife  (in  U.  S.), 
tMiss  E.  O.  Ambrose, 
tMiss  J.  Anderson, 
tMiss  H.  N.  Eastman  (in  U.  S  ), 

A.  V.  B.  Crumb  and  wife, 

♦Mrs.  H.  W.  Mix, 

Bghai  Karen. 

i  • 

<  < 

u 

<  < 

Bed  Karen. 
Shan. 

I8S6 

1865 

1878 

1888 

1872 

1876 

1S79 

104 

7i 

147 

2,940 

7i 

1,148 

7.  Shwegyin. — 1853. 

H.  W.  Hale  and  wife, 

Burman. 

1874 

2 

1 

6 

33 

E.  J.  Miller  and  wife, 

Mrs.  N.  Harris  (in  U.  S.), 

Karen. 

<< 

1888 

1858 

3° 

35 

65 

1,631 

14 

380 

8.  Prome.  — 1854. 

H.  H.  Tilbe  and  wife, 

♦Miss  J.  F.  Stewart, 

♦Miss  Z.  A.  Bunn  (in  U.  S  ), 

Burman. 

<< 

(( 

1887 

1889 

1882 

8 

4 

24 

241 

5 

243 

9.  Tliongze.  — 1855. 

Mrs.  M.  B.  Ingalls, 

♦Miss  Kate  F.  Evans  (in  U.  S.), 

Bur  mail. 

a 

1851 

1871 

5 

2 

9 

270 

•"> 

j 

160 

10.  Tliarrawaddy. — 1876. 

W.  C.  Calder  (in  U.  S  ), 

♦Mrs.  O.  L.  George  (in  U.  S.), 

♦Miss  J  M.  Elwin  (in  U.  S.), 

Karen. 

1886 

1870 

i88i 

8 

2 1 

5° 

600 

9 

234 

11.  Bhamo.  — 1877. 

Ola  Hanson  and  wife, 

W.  W.  Cochrane  and  wife, 

W.  H.  Roberts  and  wife  (in  U.  S.), 

♦Miss  E.  C.  Stark, 

1890 

1890 

1878 

1884 

4 

1 

23 

78 

3 

67 

12.  Maubin.  — 1879. 

Walter  Bushell  and  wife, 

♦Miss  C.  E.  Putnam, 

*Miss  Kate  Knight, 

Pivo  Karen. 

4( 

(  4 

1878 

1886 

1891 

1  2 

1 

17 

( 0 

761 

8 

ro  1 

CO 

CM 

1 

MISSIONARIES  AND  STATISTICS  —  Continued. 
46 


Missionaries  by  Stations. 

Date  of 

Appointment. 

Native 

Preachers. 

Churches. 

Baptisms. 

1891  • 

Members. 

  1 

1 

Schools. 

Pupils. 

13.  Thatone.  —  1880. 

*Miss  E.  Lawrence, 

Karens. 

1873 

*Miss  Ida  M.  Kushmore, 

Toungthoo. 

1891 

O 

I 

20 

1 

41 

Mandalay  . — 1886. 

L.  H.  Mosier, 

Bur  mail. 

1890 

'J 

J 

I 

9 

IOO 

2 

95 

John  McGuire  and  wife, 

ii 

1891 

E.  W.  Kelly  and  wife  (in  U.  S.), 

ii 

1882 

fMrs.  H.  W.  Hancock, 

a 

1874 

*Miss  A  M.  Edmands, 

ii 

1889 

*Miss  Ellen  E.  Fay, 

1889 

15.  Thayetmyo.  — 1887. 

A.  E.  Carson  and  wife, 

Chins. 

1886 

4 

3 

J5 

84 

44 

16.  Myingyan. — 1887. 

J.  E.  Case  and  wife, 

1882 

1 

1 

0 

I  I 

1 

40 

17.  Pegu.  — 1887. 

*Miss  E.  H.  Payne  (in  U.  S.), 

1S76 

2 

2 

12 

l6S 

8 

248 

18.  Sagaing.  — 1888. 

F.  P  Sutherland  and  wife, 

1 886 

2 

1 

0 

~  J 

W.  H.  S.  Hascall  and  wife  (in  U.  S.), 

1872 

19.  Sandoway.  — 1888. 

F.  H.  Eveleth  (and  wife  in  U.  S. 

Burman. 

1873 

5 

2 

8 

57 

1 

25 

\V.  F.  Thomas  and  wife. 

Chins. 

1880 

27 

18 

127 

39 1 

25 

308 

*Miss  Melissa  Aldrich, 

a 

1 888 

*Miss  Melissa  Carr, 

u 

1S90 

20.  Meiktila.  — 1889. 

John  Packer  and  wife, 

Cl 

00 

1 

22 

21.  Thibaw. — 1890. 

M.  B.  Kirkpatrick,  M.  D.,  and  wife, 

Shuns. 

1 888 

1 

0 

J 

9 

1 

10 

22.  Mone. — 1892. 

W.  C.  Griggs,  M.  D.,  and  wife, 

Shans. 

1S90 

1 

1 

23.  Mogaung.  — 1892. 

George  J.  Geis  (apptd.), 

1892 

Total  for  Burma.  Missionaries,  139, 

610 

55° 

B936 

3°’ 2  53 

491 

11,607 

MISSIONARIES  AND  STATISTICS  —  Continued. 


47 


Missionaries  by  Stations. 

Date  of 
Appointment. 

— 

Native 

Pr  achers. 

I 

i 

Churches. 

Baptisms. 

1891. 

Members. 

9 

~Tj 

CO 

Pupils. 

ASSAM. 

j 

I 

24.  Gauhati. — 1837. 

C.  E.  Burdette  and  wife, 

A  A.  Hallam  and  wife, 

Mrs.  M.  R.  Bronson  (in  U.  S.), 

A  ssamese. 

i( 

a 

18S3 

1891 

1872 

3 

4 

68 

436 

1 2 

452 

25.  Nowgong.  — 1841. 

■ 

P.  H.  Moore  and  wife, 

P.  F..  Moore  and  wife, 

B.  J\  Savage  and  wife  (apptd.), 
tMiss  Laura  A.  Amy, 
tMiss  Nora  M.  Yates, 

Assa?nese. 

it 

a 

i  < 

u 

1879 

1890 

1889 

1890 

1891 

6 

o 

r3 

52 

14 

265 

26.  Sibsagor.  — 1841. 

A.  K.  Gurney  (and  wife  in  U.  S.), 

C.  E.  Petrick  and  wife, 

1874 

1889 

5 

5 

44 

266 

-> 

0 

6l 

27.  Turn.  — 1876. 

M.  C.  Mason  and  wife, 

Wm.  Dring  and  wife, 

S.  A.  D.  Boggs  and  wife, 

E.  G.  Phillips  and  wife  (in  U.  S.), 

*Miss  Ella  C.  Bond, 

*Miss  Stella  H.  Mason, 

Garo. 

<< 

u 

(< 

i( 

u 

1874 

1890 

1891 
1874 
1885 
1888 

12 

1 1 

316 

i,5°° 

55 

928 

28.  Molting.  — 1876. 

E.  W.  Clark  and  wi'e, 

Naga . 

1868 

o 

j 

r 

70 

8 

r55 

29.  Kohima.  — 1881 

S  W.  Rivenburg  and  wife, 

Naga. 

00 

00 

T 

3 

30.  Wokha  — 1885. 

W.  E.  Witter  and  wife  (in  U.  S.), 

Naga . 

1883 

Total  for  Assam.  Missionaries,  33. 

2S 

26 

441 

2,327 

92 

i, 861 

TELUGUS,  INDIA. 

( Begun  1836.) 

31.  Nellore.— 1840. 

R.  R.  Williams  and  wife, 

David  Downie  and  wife  (in  U.  S.), 

■*Miss  J.  E.  Wayte, 

*Miss  Ida  Faye,  M.  D  , 

*Miss  Beatrice  L.  Slade, 

1873 

1873 

1884 

1890 

1890 

9 

4 

28 

646 

7 

217 

32.  Ongole.  —  1866, 

J.  Heinrichs  and  wife, 

L  E.  Martin  and  wife, 

O.  R.  McKay  (and  wife  in  U.  S.), 
j.  E.  Clough  and  wife  (in  U.  S.), 
t'Mrs.  Ellen  M.  Kelly, 
tMiss  Sarah  Kelly, 
tMiss  Amelia  G.  Dessa, 
tMiss  E.  Rauschenbusch  (in  U.  S.), 

1888 

1S90 

1891 

1864 

1887 

1890 

1  1891 
j  1882 

43 

16 

2,140 

21,329 

I 

2  2  Ej 

2,430 

MISSIONARIES  AND  STATISTICS  —  Continued. 


4$ 


Missionaries  by  Stations. 

Date  of 

Appointment. 

Native 

Preachers. 

Churches. 

Baptisms. 

1891. 

Members. 

Schools. 

•Si 

’a 

33.  Ramapatam. — 1869. 

W.  B.  Boggs  and  wife,  Theol  Scm. 

1S78 

7 

I 

*7  *> 

jj 

604 

2 

225 

*Miss  E.  J.  Cummings,  M.  D.  (in  U.  S.), 

1886 

34.  Secunderabad. — 1875. 

R.  Maplesden  and  wife, 

l8Sl 

8 

I 

28  < 

8l 

O 

66 

W.  W.  Campbell  and  wife  (in  U.  S  ), 

1873 

• 

35.  Kurnool.  — 1876. 

G.  N.  Thomssen  and  wife, 

lS8l 

2 

91 

337 

5 

54 

36.  Madras.  — 1878. 

Charles  Hadley  and  wife, 

1890 

7 

O 

16 

i34 

10 

n  -> 

W.  H.  Beeby  {and  wife  in  U.  S.), 

1891 

L.  [ewett  and  wife  (in  U.  S.), 

1848 

D  H.  Drake  (in  U.  S.), 

1873 

*Miss  M.  M.  Day, 

1878 

*Miss  Johanna  Schuff  (in  U.  S.), 

18S7 

1 

37.  Hanamaconda. — 1879. 

P.  M.  Johnson  and  wife, 

1890 

3 

I 

1 1 

47 

A.  A.  Newhall  and  wife  (in  U.  S.), 

*875 

38.  Cumbum. — 1882. 

W.  E.  Boggs  and  wife, 

1890 

0 

6 

3>239 

8,200 

101 

i,5°° 

John  Newcomb  and  wife  (in  U.  S.), 

1884 

tMiss  E.  A.  Bergman, 

1891 

tMiss  Ida  A.  Skinner, 

1891 

39.  Vinukonda.  — 1883. 

19 

r 

00 

ON 

^1 

0 

0 

GO 

1 -n 

40 

677 

40.  Nursaravapetta.  — 1883. 

William  Powell  and  wife, 

18S6 

28 

15 

776 

6,206 

70 

643 

*Miss  H.  D.  Newcombe, 

1891 

41.  Bapatla.  — 1883. 

W.  C.  Owen  and  wife, 

1891 

32 

17 

218 

2,546 

46 

600 

Edwin  Bullard  and  wife  (in  U.  S.), 

1870 

42.  Udayagiri.  — 1885. 

W.  R.  Manley  and  wife, 

1879 

2 

175 

772 

20 

302 

J.  F.  Burditt  and  wife  (in  U.  S.), 

l88l 

43.  Palmur.  — 1885. 

Elbert  Chute  and  wife, 

1882 

10 

105 

431 

3 

105 

*Miss  Leoni  Chute, 

1887 

44.  Nalgonda.  — 1890. 

A.  Friesen  and  wife, 

18S9 

5 

1 

178 

325 

2 

36 

45.  Kanigiri.  — 1892. 

George  H.  Brock, 

1891 

46.  Bangalore.  — 1892. 

1 

John  McLaurin  and  wife, 

1869 

! 

tMrs.  L.  P.  Pearce  (Ootacamund), 

1871 

i 

i 

1 

Total  for  the  Telugus.  Missionaries,  52. 

i 

212 

75 

6,113 

41,841 

'  422 

5,292 

MISSIONARIES  AND  STATISTICS  —  Continued. 

49 


Missionaries  hy  Stations. 

Date  of 

Appointment. 

Native 

Preachers. 

Churches. 

Baptisms. 

1891. 

Members. 

Schools. 

Pupils. 

CHINESE. 

I 

1 

I 

| 

47.  Bangkok,  Siam  —  1833. 

1 

I 

L.  A.  Eaton, 

1882 

I 

I 

2 

l3 

48.  Ningpo.  — 1843. 

J.  R.  Goddard  (and  wife  in  U.  S.), 

J.  S.  Grant,  M.  D.,  and  wife, 

W.  H.  Cossum  and  wife, 

S.  P.  Barchet,  M.  D.,  and  wife  (in  U.  S.), 
tMiss  Elizabeth  Stewart, 
tMiss  H.  L.  Corbin, 
tMiss  Emily  A.  Parker, 

*Mrs.  L.  A.  Knowlton  (in  U.  S.), 

1867 

1889 

1890 
1875 
1886 
1888 
1890 
1853 

*5 

|  7 

25 

2S1 

16 

209 

49.  Swatow. — 1846. 

William  Ashmore  and  wife, 

Wm.  Ashmore,  Jr.,  and  wife, 

John  M.  Foster  and  wife, 

S.  B.  Partridge  and  wife  (in  U.  S.), 
tMrs.  A.  K.  Scott,  M.  D., 
tMiss  Mary  Dunwiddie, 

§Miss  Mary  K.  Scott, 

tMiss  A.  M.  Ross,  M.  D., 

tMiss  C.  H.  Daniells,  M  D.  (in  U.  S.), 

tMiss  M.  A.  Buzzell  (in  U.  S.), 

1850 

1879 

1 887 
1868 
1862 
1890 

1890 

1891 
1878 
1884 

T5 

I 

1 

46 

1,141 

9 

' 

I  I  I 

50.  Shaohing.  — 1869. 

H.  Jenkins  and  wife, 

L.  A.  Gould  and  wife, 

1859 

1887 

7 

3 

1 

54 

1 

II 

51.  Muii  Keu  Liang.  — 1882. 

George  Campbell  and  wife, 
tMiss  Elia  Campbell, 

Hakkas. 

1887 

1890 

2 

2 

40 

2 

22 

52.  Kinhwa.  — 1883. 

Alfred  Copp  and  wife, 

J.  S.  Adams  and  wife  (in  Eng.), 

*Miss  A.  S.  Young, 

*Miss  C.  E.  Righter, 

1891 

1883 

1888 

1888 

7 

6 

39 

1 1 5 

0 

24 

53.  Huchau.  — 1886. 

G.  L.  Mason  (and  wife  in  U.  S.), 

E.  N.  Fletcher  and  wife  (apptd.), 

1880 

1892 

2 

1 

7 

1 

18 

54.  Suichaufu.  — 1889. 

1 

| 

William  M.  Upcraft, 

George  Warner  and  wife, 

C.  H.  Finch,  M.  D  ,  and  wife, 

Robert  Wellwood  and  wife, 

IMiss  Emma  Inveen, 

*Miss  Bessie  G.  Forbes, 

1889 

1889 

1891 

1891 

1879 

1891 

1 

55.  Kayin.  — 1890. 

W.  H.  Broclt, 

Hakkas. 

1891 

56.  Jiopheng.  — 1892. 

J.  W.  Carlin  and  wife, 

1889 

Total  for  the  Chinese.  Missionaries,  52. 

1 

46 

19 

8S 

1  ’  573 

29 

376 

50 


MISSIONARIES  AND  STATISTICS  —  Continued. 


C 

Missionaries  hy  Stations. 

0  £ 

<£ 

u 

c/i 

E  2 

.<£  O' 

c 

0) 

(A 

O 

CO 

pi 

< 

re 

z  a 

1 

1  u 

a  ~ 

re 

tv* 

B 

a> 

k— • 

O 

pC 

O 

in 

Pupi 

JAPAN. 

57.  Yokohama.  — 1872. 

C.  K.  Harrington  and  wife, 

F.  G.  Harrington  and  wife, 

18S6 

1887 

9 

'l 

J 

43 

318 

3 

75 

J.  L.  Bearing  and  wile, 

1889 

A.  A.  Bennett  and  wife  (in  U.  S.), 

1S79 

♦Miss  N.  J.  Wilson, 

1887 

♦Miss  C.  A.  Converse, 

1889 

♦Miss  Eva  L.  Rolman  (in  U.  S.), 

1885 

58.  Tokyo— 1874. 

T.  P.  Poate  and  wife, 

1879 

H 

4 

74 

275 

2 

81 

C.  II.  D.  Fisher  and  wife, 

1882 

G.  W.  Taft, 

1889 

J.  C.  Brand  and  wife, 

1890 

♦  vl iss  A.  H.  Kidder, 

1875 

♦Miss  M.  A.  Whitman, 

iss3 

♦Miss  A.  M.  Clagett, 

1887 

§Miss  L.  A.  Phillips, 

1889 

59.  Kobe.  — 1881. 

H.  H.  Rhees  and  wife, 

187s 

0 

2 

43 

230 

2 

42 

R.  A.  Thomson  and  wife, 

1888 

♦Miss  Ella  R.  Church, 

1888 

60.  Sendai. —1884. 

E.  H.  Jones  and  wife, 

1884 

3 

2 

43 

230 

1 

10 

S.  W.  Hamblen  and  wife, 

1889 

tMiss  Lavinia  Mead, 

1887 

tMiss  Nellie  E.  Fife  (in  U.  S.), 

1887 

61.  Shimonoseki.  —  1886. 

R.  L.  Halsey  and  wife, 

1887 

6 

36 

1 19 

2 

62 

T.  E.  Shoemaker  and  wife, 

1889 

tMiss  H.  M.  Browne, 

1S86 

tMiss  Olive  M.  Blunt, 

1890 

tMrs.  Ellen  Sharland, 

1890 

62.  Morioka. — 1887. 

-  - 

4 

1 

6 

37 

1 

63.  Nemuro.H — 1890. 

! 

W.  B.  Parshley  and  wife, 

1890 

1 

I 

9 

21 

1 

1 2 

Mrs.  H.  E.  Carpenter, 

1862 

Miss  Louisa  Cummings, 

18S9 

64.  Osaka. — 1892. 

William  Wynd, 

1891 

J.  H.  Scott  and  wife  (apptd.), 

1892 

Total  for  Japan.  Missionaries,  45. 

36 

J3 

146  i 

1,056 

6  j 

165 

# 


MISSIONARIES  AND  STATISTICS  —  Continued. 

5i 


Missionaries  hy  Stations. 

Date  of 
Appointment. 

Native 

Preachers. 

Churches. 

Baptisms. 

1891 . 

Members. 

Schools. 

Pupils 

AFRICA. 

I 

65.  Palabala.  — 1878. 

J.  C.  Hyde, 

Isaac  Cadman, 

Joseph  Clark  and  wife  (in  Eng.), 
t Miss  L.  C.  Fleming  (in  U.  S.), 

1889 

1891 

l88o 

18S7 

5 

I 

I 

IS 

4 

24 

66.  Banza  Manteke.  —  1879. 

Ilenry  Richards  and  wife, 

C.  H.  Harvey, 

C.  E.  Ingham  and  wife  (in  Eng.), 

Edwin  Small,  M.  D.  (and  wife  in  Eng.), 

lS79 

18S0 

l88l 

1886 

7 

I 

65 

260 

5 

l8l 

67.  Matadi.  — 1880 

Win.  A.  Hall, 

T.  A.  Leger  and  wife, 

Thomas  Hill, 

18S8 

1891 

1892 

68.  Lukunga. — 1882. 

T.  H.  Hoste, 

If  f.  E.  Ricketts  and  wife, 

G.  H.  Jackson  and  wife  (apptd.), 

*Miss  C.  A.  Howard, 
tMiss  N.  A.  Gordon, 

*Mrs.  Bella  Claflin, 

*Miss  Bernice  Royal  (in  U.  S.), 

1S84 

1885 

1892 

1889 

1889 

1890 
1889 

8 

4 

7. 19 

410 

16 

614 

69.  Mukimvika.  — 1882. 

W.  M  Biggs, 

C.  B.  Aniisdel  (apptd.), 

J.  M.  Lewis  (in  U.  S.), 

i8qr 

1892 

1887 

1 

J5 

*5 

70.  Leopoldville. — 1883. 

A.  Sims,  M.  D., 

F.  C.  Gleichman  and  wife, 

J.  II.  Camp  (Steamer  “  Henry  Reed  ’ ), 

18S2 

1890 

1887 

1 

54 

71.  Bolengi  — 1884. 

C.  B.  Banks  and  wife, 

J.  B.  Murphy  and  wife  (in  Eng.), 

1 88  2 
1886 

I 

-5 

3° 

1 

47 

72.  Bwemba. — 1889. 

C.  B.  Glenesk  and  wife, 

A.  Billington  (in  Eng.), 

1884 

1881 

73.  Kinjila.  — 1890. 

P.  Frederickson  (and  wife  in  Europe), 

Christian  Nelson  and  wife  (apptd.), 

1 88 1 

1S92 

I 

4 

5 

1 

14 

74.  Irebu.  — 1890. 

C.  G.  Hartsock  and  wife, 

C.  F.  Raine, 

Thomas  Moody  and  wife, 

1889 
18S9 

1890 

1 

T5 

Total  for  Africa.  Missionaries,  46. 

: 

20 

9 

329 

733 

29 

949 

Grand  Total.  Missionaries,  417. 

947 

692 

10,971 

33’ 597 

t,tS8 

22,284 

52 


MISSIONARIES  AND  STATISTICS  —  Concluded. 


Under  Appointment. 


John  Dussman . 1S91 

Charles  H.  Tanner . 1891 

W.  E.  Story  and  wife . 1S91 

*Miss  B.  E.  Gardner . 1S91 

*Miss  Jennie  V.  Smith . 1891 

F.  P.  Haggard  and  wife . 1892 

George  E.  Whitman . 1892 

J.  S.  Timpany,  M.  D . 1892 

T.  P.  Dudley,  Tr . 1892 

I.  S.  Hankins . 1892 

D.  S.  Bagshaw . 1S92 

Wheeler  Boggess . 1892 

W.  S.  Davis  and  wife . 1S92 

W.  F.  Gray  and  wife . 1892 


S.  A.  Perrinc  and  wife  .  ........  1S92 

P.  B.  Guernsey . 1892 

W.  A.  Stanton . 1892 

W.  E.  Hopkins  and  wife . 1S92 

C.  B.  Antisdel . 1 S90 

A.  C.  Fuller . 1892 

A.  1 1.  Curtis  . . 1892 

F.  R.  Swartwout . 1S92 

< '.  R.  Marsh . 1892 

t.Miss  Annie  S.  Pnzzell . 1S92 

*Miss  Mary  D.  Faye . 1892 

*Miss  Susan  I.  Kurtz . 1892 

Miss  Lucy  H.  Booker . 1S92 


*  Supported  by  the  Woman’s  Baptist  Foreign  Missionary  Society, 
t  Supported  by  the  Woman’s  Baptist  Foreign  Missionary  Society  of  the  West, 
t  Supported  by  the  Woman’s  Baptist  Foreign  Missionary  Society  of  Oregon. 

§  Supported  by  the  Woman’s  Baptist  Foreign  Missionary  Society  of  California^ 
||  Independent  Mission,  supported  by  Mrs.  Carpenter. 

H  In  co-operation  with  the  General  Missionary  Association. 


MISSIONS  IN  EUROPE. 

(Carried  on  by  Natives  of  the  respective  Countries.) 


Ministers. 

Churches. 

Baptisms. 

Members. 

Sweden . 

592 

53  2 

3,617 

36>i5° 

Germany  . 

3°6 

124 

2,242 

25,836 

Russia . 

72 

5° 

93 1 

I2,544 

Finland . . . 

10 

21 

J52 

L329 

Denmark  . 

68 

25 

2  53 

2,966 

France  . . 

34 

12 

37S 

L359 

Spain  . 

5 

n 

a 

5 

100 

Total . 

965 

734 

6,354 

76,039 

GENERAL  SUMMARY. 


74 

4i7 

2,030 


1  >4  59 
18,549 
163,881 


Stations . 

Missionaries . 

Native  Pastors  and  Helpers 


Churches  . 
Baptisms  in  1S91 
Members  .  .  . 


STATISTICS. 


53 


FOREIGN  MISSIONARY  SOCIETIES  OF  THE  EVANGELICAL  CHURCHES  OF 

THE  UNITED  STATES,  1390-91. 


Societies 

Prin’al  Stations. 

Out-stations. 

American 

Mission¬ 

aries. 

Native  Laborers. 

Churches. 

Communicants. 

Added  last  year. 

Schools. 

Under  Instruction. 

Native  Contribu¬ 

tions  in  Dollars. 

Contributions  in 

U.  S. 

JU 

a 

3 

Female. 

American  Board  ..... 

97 

1,136 

201 

337 

2,648 

410 

38,226 

3,554 

1,116 

46.403 

$i 15,530 

$824,325 

Presbyterian  Board,  North  .... 

108 

651 

250 

348 

1,421 

377 

28,494 

2,875 

605 

27,813 

49,423 

Q42,6qO 

Presbyterian  Board,  South  .... 

20 

98 

47 

53 

5° 

35 

2,072 

. 

16 

855 

2,850 

112,951 

Reformed  Church  of  America,  (Dutch) 

IS 

166 

23 

38 

3i4 

53 

5,214 

489 

i57 

5,210 

7,648 

116,265 

United  Presbyterian  Board  .... 

l6 

185 

29 

49 

5i9 

39 

9,832 

725 

252 

10,480 

30,695 

148,123 

Cumberland  Presb.  Church  .... 

3 

3 

6 

12 

!9 

II 

632 

63 

4 

298 

1 ,812 

22,250 

Reformed  Presb.  Church  .... 

3 

8 

6 

12 

40 

3 

248 

10 

36 

740 

19,613 

Asso.  Ref.  Synod  in  the  South 

S 

6 

2 

I 

7 

IO 

235 

24 

4 

65 

300 

4,975 

Reformed  Church  of  the  U.  S.,  German 

8 

9 

3 

6 

19 

II 

1,630 

126 

24 

722 

2,079 

18,000 

Ref.  Presb.  Gen.  Synod  .... 

3 

8 

I 

I 

20 

3 

57 

29 

2 

30 

40 

6,000 

Baptist  Missionary  Union  i 

68 

1, 322 

145 

233 

1,377 

744 

90,225 

9,752 

1,038 

20,107 

72,007 

472,174 

Baptist  Southern  Convention 

39 

i47 

40 

57 

66 

67 

2,377 

361 

22 

823 

2,157 

113,522 

Free  Baptists  ...... 

7 

5 

9 

18 

180 

II 

805 

136 

IOO 

3,472 

260 

22,646 

Seventh  Day  Baptists  ..... 

I 

I 

2 

4 

14 

I 

32 

4 

4 

70 

6 

4,655 

German  Baptist  Brethren  (Tunkers)  . 

5 

1 7 

. 

139 

19 

4 

21 

2,432 

Methodist  Episcopal  Church  i  .  .  . , 

60 

260 

184 

3M 

2,398 

334 

35,207 

5,520 

1,392 

37,338 

304,949 

874,827 

Bishop  Tavlor’s  African  Mission 

38 

5 

34 

3i 

21 

9 

320 

100 

38 

50,000 

Transit  and  Building  Fund  .... 

7 

3 

II 

23 

20 

6 

9 

6 

600 

4,000 

20,000 

Methodist  Episcopal  Church,  South 

62 

46 

52 

48 

143 

62 

5,033 

641 

46 

1,417 

5,170 

251,299 

Methodist  Protestant  Church  .... 

2 

4 

5 

8 

13 

2 

217 

19 

4 

24I 

290 

20,767 

Wesleyan  Methodist  ..... 

1 

I 

2 

3 

IO 

I 

250 

10 

I 

208 

300 

2,000 

Free  Methodist  Church  .... 

4 

,  . 

4 

5 

4 

2,688 

Protestant  Episcopal  Foreign  Missionary  Society 

55 

194 

29 

35 

278 

50 

3,258 

627 

119 

3,434 

6,242 

194,718 

Evangelical  Association  .... 

46 

40 

7 

7 

84 

65 

io,577 

1,264 

362 

19,923 

26,726 

2  3,000 

United  Brethren  in  Christ  .... 

12 

270 

4 

12 

40 

25 

6,000 

1,000 

19 

600 

3  °° 

30,000 

Evangelical  Lutheran  General  Synod 

4 

8 

6 

8 

515 

374 

8,082 

848 

223 

5A74 

2.945 

48,771 

Evangelical  Lutheran  General  Council 

6 

12  7 

5 

7 

91 

2 

978 

33 

73 

i,473 

12,675 

Foreign  Christian  Missionary  Society  (Disciples) 

20 

25 

33 

20 

41 

36 

338 

IO 

711 

461 

59,366 

Amer.  Christian  Convention  .... 

6 

27 

2 

I 

IO 

4 

150 

I 

4 

5,203 

United  Brethren  (Moravians)2 

24,366 

United  Synod  of  Evangelical  Lutheran  Church,  South 

I 

3,000 

German  Evangelical  Synod  of  North  America 

3 

5 

5 

4 

24 

8 

356 

80 

14 

410 

250 

10,850 

The  Friends  ...... 

7 

15 

8 

12 

36 

13 

465 

10 

19 

848 

125 

29,278 

Seventh  Day  Adventists  .... 

5, 

3 

2 

21 

31 

821 

138 

4,331 

57,799 

Totals  .  .... 

736 

4,775 

i,i59 

i,7°9 

10,460 

2,797 

251,932 

28,795 

1 

5,7lr 

189,469 

$640,917 

$4,551,237 

1  The  work  of  these  Societies  in  Protestant  Europe  is  not  here  reported. 

2  Excepting  receipts  in  the  United  States,  the  work  of  the  Moravians  is  given  in  the  table  of  British  Societies. 


This  table  is  more  complete  than  any  yet  prepared,  the  statistics  in  every  case  having 
been  kindly  furnished,  since  the  first  of  October,  1891,  by  the  officials  of  the  several  Boards. 
Owing  partly  to  fuller  reports,  but  chiefly  to  advance  along  all  lines,  the  totals  show  an  increase 
in  every  column.  The  contributions  of  native  churches  are  $116,000  more  than  reported  last 
year,  and  in  place  of  the  $3,977,701  for  foreign  missions  from  the  United  States  in  1889  -90, 
we  now  have  $4,551,237. 


54 


STATISTICS  —  Continued . 


PRINCIPAL  FOREIGN  MISSIONARY  SOCIETIES  OF  GREAT  BRITAIN. 


SOCIETIES. 

Income  in 

Stations 
and  Out- 
stations. 

Missionaries. 

Native 

Communi- 

Dollars. 

Male. 

|  Female. 

Helpers. 

cants. 

London  Missionary  Society 

$505,765 

1,929 

156 

15  7 

5,419 

68,805 

Church  Missionary  Society . 

1,238,685 

327 

375 

294 

4,069 

50,005 

Society  for  Propagation  of  the  Gospel 

822,410 

332 

504 

■X* 

2,456 

3^797 

Universities’  Mission . 

105,215 

39 

47 

23 

76' 

799 

Church  of  England  Zenana  Missionary  Society. 

I  29,085 

5-2 

.  .  . 

125 

603 

.  .  .. 

Baptist  Missionary  Society . 

340,610 

393 

1 14 

104 

276 

47U33 

General  Baptist  Society . 

22,655 

•  *  • 

8 

6 

20 

1,385 

China  Inland  Mission . 

243, 31 5 

93 

171 

212 

232 

English  Presbyterian  Mission . 

81 ,605 

96 

'■>  -> 

W 

157 

3,572 

Pree  Church  of  Scotland . 

282,980 

225 

98 

67 

674 

6,917 

Established  Church  of  Scotland . 

159,170 

43 

30 

94 

95i 

United  Presbyterians,  Scotch' . 

202,406 

261 

67 

25 

655 

15,799 

Wesleyan  Missionary  Society1  . 

703,115 

363 

343 

■X- 

6,284 

34,086. 

Moravian  Missions . 

117,44s 

135 

155 

140 

2,074 

3  7  >4 1 5 

Turkish  Missions  Aid  Society . 

10,717 

-X- 

-X- 

•X- 

* 

* 

Methodist  New  Connexion . 

18,500 

61 

7 

6 

5i 

G390 

Eleven  other  .Societies . 

261,467 

356 

535 

84 

4,23s 

21,454 

Totals, . 

$5,244,948 

4,705 

2,643 

1,260 

2/0 /° 

328,508 

i  Statistics  of  i8go- 


STATISTICS  —  Concluded 


55 


PROTESTANT  FOREIGN  MISSIONS  OF  CONTINENTAL  EUROPE,  EXCEPT 

GERMANY. 


[The  following  summaries  of  work  by  certain  European  Societies  we  take  from  the  valuable  tables  contained  in 
the  Encyclopaedia  of  Missions,  by  Rev.  E.  M.  Bliss.  Funk  &  Wagnalls,  Publishers.] 


SOCIETIES  IN 

Income. 

Stations 
and  Out- 
stations. 

Missionaries. 

Native 

Communi- 

Male. 

Female. 

Helpers. 

cants. 

Denmark . 

$21,502 

19 

l6 

17 

172 

6,278 

Norway . 

100,000 

2 

48 

50 

I,Ol8 

2,630 

Sweden . 

87.832 

44 

Gn 

00 

35 

35 

938 

Finland . 

20,000 

4 

6 

5 

IO 

87 

Holland . 

35,7U 

46 

47 

21 

347 

28,724 

France  . 

63,721 

275 

40 

34 

243 

9,259 

Totals, . 

$328,766 

390 

215 

162 

1,825 

47,916 

SUMMARY  OF  PROTESTANT  FOREIGN  MISSIONS. 

Summaries  of  missionary  statistics  will  always  be  defective  until  a  uniform  system  of 
reporting  is  adopted  by  societies.  Nevertheless  they  are  called  for,  and  there  is  no  reason  why 
they  should  not  be  attempted  and  used,  provided  it  is  kept  in  mind  that  they  are  approximate 
and  not  exact.  Let  it  be  remembered,  also,  that  the  work  covered  by  the  following  table  is 
what  has  been  ?rported ,  and  that  there  is  some  foreign  missionary  work,  though  comparatively 
little,  that  is  unreported. 


SOCIETIES. 

Stations 
and  Out- 
stations. 

M  issionaries. 

Native 

Laborers. 

Communi¬ 

cants. 

Income  in 

Dollars. 

Male. 

Female. 

United  States . 

5,581 

IU59 

1,709 

10,460 

251,932 

$4,551,237 

Canada  . 

322 

85 

97 

420 

8,229 

183,056 

Great  Britain . 

4,705 

2,643 

1,260 

27,378 

328,5oS 

5,244,948 

Germany  .  . 

390 

59I1 

2 

90,298 

798,707 

Continental  Europe . 

390 

215 

162 

1,825 

47,916 

328,766 

Totals, . 

1 1,388 

4,693 

3,22s 

40,083 

726,883 

I 1,106,714 

iMen  and  women.  2Not  reported. 


MONEYS  USED  IN  MISSION  LANDS. 

Burma  and  India. —  The  rupee  varies  in  value  with  price  of  exchange.  It  is  usually  about  35 
cents  ;  the  anna  1-16  of  a  rupee ;  the  pice  1-4  of  an  anna ,  or  about  2-3  of  a  cent. 

China. —  The  tael  at  Hong  Kong  is  worth  in  gold  $1.15  ;  the  cash  one  mill. 

{apan. — The  yen  (or  Mexican  dollar)  is  usually  the  value  of  80  c. ;  there  are  100  sen  in  the  yen. 
Africa. —  The  standard  is  a  yard  of  cotton  cloth,  worth  from  6  to  8  cents. 

RATES  OF  POSTAGE  BETWEEN  THE  UNITED  STATES  AND 

MISSIONS  OF  THE  A.  B.  M.  U. 

Burma,  India,  China,  Japan,  Africa  and  Europe. —  Letters  per  half  ounce,  5  cents.  Postal 
cards,  2  cents.  Books,  Newspapers,  Periodicals,  and  other  printed  matter  (limit  4  pounds, 
6  ounces)  each  two  ounces,  1  cent.  Registration  fee  on  letters  or  books,  10  cents. 
Mechandise  cannot  be  sent  by  mail  to  foreign  countries. 

N.  B.  For  letters  which  are  sent  abroad  of  overweight  the  missionaries  receiving  them  are 
taxed  double  the  amount  of  the  proper  postage.  See  that  the  postage  used  is  adequate. 

INSTRUCTIONS  FOR  SHIPMENTS  OF  GOODS  TO  MISSIONARIES. 

Persons  wishing  our  treasurer,  E.  P.  Coleman,  to  forward  goods  to  Missionaries  should 
carefully  observe  the  following  directions.  (It  is  important  that  Missionaries  call  the  attention 
of  their  friends  to  them.) 

1.  Have  all  packages  carefully  packed  and  securely  boxed,  taking  special  care  about 
articles  liable  to  be  injured  by  heat  or  moisture.  Flour,  meal,  beans  and  fruits  —  dried  or 
canned  —  should  be  in  tins,  soldered  air-tight,  and  enclosed  in  a  strong  box  or  barrel.  Ammu¬ 
nition  or  explosives  cannot  be  included. 

2.  Mark  all  packages  plainly  with  the  address  of  the  Missionary  to  whom  they  are  to  be 
sent,  and  on  those  for  Burma  add  :  “  Care  of  Treasurer  A.  B.  M.  Press,  Rangoon  :”  on  those  for 
the  Telugn  Missionaries,  “  Care  of  Treasurer  F.  M.  Bowden,  Madras,  India;”  and  on  those  for 
Assam,  “  Care  of  Sykes  &  Co.,  Calcutta,  India.”  If  there  is  more  than  one  box,  number  them 

U  3>  cR* 

3.  Send  such  boxes  to  Henderson  Bros.,  Pier  54,  North  River,  New  York,  and  write  them 
at  once  (addressing  letter  No.  7  Bowling  Green,  New  York),  enclosing  railroad  receipt  for  the 
boxes,  and  requesting  them  to  hold  them  subject  to  order  of  Treasurer  of  the  Union. 

For  China  or  Japan  from  points  east  of  Buffalo  send  to  Franklin  Hallet  &  Co.,  2  and  4  Stone 
St.,  New  York, —  those  for  China  mark, (with  full  address  of  missionary),  care  of  Rev.  J.  R.  God¬ 
dard,  Shanghai ; — those  for  Japan,  care  of  Rev.  J.  L.  Hearing,  Yokohama. 

For  China  and  Japan  from  the  interior  of  the  country  inquire  of  Rev.  C.  F.  Tolman,  D.D., 
122  Wabash  Ave.,  Chicago. 

For  the  Congo,  S.  W.  Africa,  send  to  Room  25  Tremont  Temple,  Boston. 

Invoices  for  all  the  Ports  are  made  up  in  Boston,  so  that  it  is  necessary  that  full  advices  of 
all  goods  should  be  immediately  forwarded  to  the  Treasurer  at  the  time  of  sending  packages  for 
shipment,  either  to  New  York  or  Boston. 

Only  cases,  barrels  or  crates,  ready  for  shipment  are  to  be  sent  to  New  York, —  small  par¬ 
cels,  for  any  point,  to  be  packed,  must  be  sent  as  above  to  Boston. 


MISCELLANEOUS. 


5  7 


4.  By  same  mail  write  Treasurer  at  Boston,  stating  what  you  have  done,  giving  the  number, 
itemized  statement  of  contents,  and  valuation  of  each  package  to  be  forwarded  to  our  agents 
abroad.  This  often  prevents  the  necessity  of  the  packages  being  opened  in  foreign  Custom 
Houses. 

jfe^Tt  is  important  that  this  be  done  promptly,  the  information  being  needed  for  Custom 
House  and  shipping  purposes  before  the  goods  are  shipped. 

Please  bear  in  mind  that,  by  omitting  this  information,  you  are  liable  to  have  your  boxes 
opened  at  the  Custom  House,  the  goods  injured  and  perhaps  lost. 

5.  It  must  be  understood  that  all  goods  are  subject  to  shipping-  expenses,  either  to  the 
sender  or  receiver. 

All  Missionaries  going  out  or  returning  via  New  York  are  requested  to  write  Miss  F.  M. 
Newton,  No.  267  West  134th  Street,  New  York,  in  relation  to  entertainment  while  there,  giving 
her  early  advice  of  the  probable  time  of  arrival,  and  the  name  of  Steamer  or  Railroad  they 
expect  to  take.  E.  P.  COLEMAN,  Treasurer „ 

P.  O.  Box  41,  Boston,  Mass. 

FORM  OF  LEGACY. 

I  also  give  and  bequeath  to  The  American  Baptist  Missionary  Union  . 

dollars  for  the  purposes  of  the  Union,  as  specified  in  the  Act  of  Incorporation.  And  I  hereby 
direct  my  executor  (or  executors)  to  pay  said  sum  to  the  treasurer  of  said  L'nion,  taking  his 
receipt  therefor,  within  . months  after  my  decease. 

EXECUTE  YOUR  OWN  WILL. 

If  you  wish  to  be  your  own  executor,  the  Missionary  Union  will  receive  at  any  time  such, 
sums  as  you  may  wish  to  give,  and  pay  a  reasonable  interest  during  life. 

FORM  OF  A  DEVISE  OF  REAL  ESTATE. 

I  also  give,  bequeath,  and  devise  to  the  American  Baptist  Missionary  Union  one  certain 
lot  of  land  with  the  buildings  thereon  standing  (here  describe  the  premises  with  exactness  and 
particularity),  to  be  held  and  possessed  by  the  said  Union,  their  successors  and  assigns  forever, 
for  the  purposes  specified  in  the  Act  of  Incorporation. 

POST  OFFICE  ADDRESSES  OF  DISTRICT  SECRETARIES. 

New  England  District. —  Rev.  W.  S.  McKenzie,  D.I).,  Tremont  Temple,  Boston,  Mass. 

New  York  Southern  District. —  Rev.  A.  H.  Burlingham,  D.D.,  Times  Building,  City  Hall 
Park,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

New  York  Central  District. —  Rev.  George  H.  Brigham,  Cortland,  New  York. 

Southern  District. —  Rev.  R.  G.  Seymour,  D.D.,  1420  Chestnut  St.,  Philadelphia. 

Middle  District. —  Rev.  T.  G.  Field,  14  East  Ave.,  Elyria,  Ohio. 

Lake  District. —  Rev.  S.  M.  Stimson,  D.D.,  Greensburg,  Ind. 

Western  District. —  Rev.  C.  F.  Tolman,  D.D.,  122  Wabash  Ave.,  Chicago,  Ill. 

Iowa  District. —  Rev.  W.  E.  Witter,  Des  Moines,  Iowa. 

Southwestern  District. —  Rev.  I.  N.  Clark,  D.D.,  133^  Olive  St.,  Kansas  City,  Mo. 

Northern  District. —  Rev.  Frank  Peterson,  1901  Fifteenth  Ave.  So.,  Minneapolis,  Minn. 
Pacific  Coast  District. —  Rev.  James  Sunderland,  1457  Myrtle  St.,  Oakland,  Cal. 


EXTRACTS  AND  NOTES. 


5S 


We  consider  the  mission  to  Bengal  as  the  most  favorable  symptom  attending  our  denomi¬ 
nation.  It  confirms  what  has  been  for  some  time  with  me  an  important  principle,  that  where 
any  denomination,  congregation,  (or  individual),  seeks  only  its  own,  it  will  be  disappointed ; 
but  where  it  seeks  the  Kingdom  of  God  and  his  righteousness,  its  own  prosperity  will  be  among 
the  things  that  will  be  added  unto  it.  1  have  seen  great  zeal  for  what  among  us  is  called  the 
dissenting  interest;  and  in  such  hands  the  dissenting  interest  has  died.  Had  they  sought  more 
to  make  men  Christians,  they  shd  in  most  cases  have  been  dissenters  of  their  own  accord.  In 
fact,  I  see  that  in  those  congregations  where  the  main  object  is  what  it  shd  be,  there  religion 
flourishes.  The  same  way  may  be  sd  of  baptists.  If  the  first  fruits  of  our  zeal  be  laid  out  in 
making  proselytes  to  that  denomination,  however  right  the  thing  may  be  in  itself,  the  Lord  will 
frown  upon  us  and  leave  us.  But  if  we  be  mainly  employed  in  making  men  Xns,  we  need  not 
fear  but  they  will  be  baptists.  It  is  of  great  consequence  to  pursue  things  according  to  their 
importance  making  that  a  first  concern  wh  is  first,  and  that  a  second  which  is  secondary.  In 
seeking  the  salvation  of  others,  a  man  will  find  his  own.  He  who  is  exalted  as  head  over  all 
things,  obtained  that  glory  by  denying  himself  for  the  sake  of  others. — Extract  from  a  MS. 
letter  of  the  Rev.  Andrew  Fuller  to  Rev.  John  Williams. 

x  x  -x  x- 

In  a  letter  by  Carey  to  Andrew  Fuller,  in  April,  1793,  he  writes;  “I  feel  my  heart  more 
and  more  engaged  in  the  great  work,  and  so  much  set  upon  it  that  I  would  rather  undergo  all 
the  perils  of  a  journey  from  Holland  overland  to  Hindoostan,  should  it  be  impracticable  to 
obtain  a  passage  by  sea,  than  not  go  upon  the  glad  errand.” 

x  x  x  x 

When  Carey  went  to  India  the  humanities  were  disregarded.  The  first  time  Carey  saw 
suttee ,  or  the  burning  of  widows,  he  tried  to  stop  it,  but  in  vain.  He  set  himself  to  secure  the 
needed  legislation.  Many  difficulties  were  in  the  way.  England  held  India  seventy-two  years, 
and  over  seventy  thousand  widows  perished  thus  before  this  suttee ,  was  declared  illegal.  About 
thirty  years  after  he  vowed  against  it,  one  Sunday  morning,  while  thinking  over  the  sermon  for 
the  day,  the  older  forbidding  the  suttee  was  put  in  Carey’s  hands.  A  translation  must  be  made 
by  him  —  the  official  translator  —  and  this  be  published  before  it  would  take  effect.  “  If  I 
delay  .  .  .  many  a  widow’s  life  may  be  sacrificed,”  he  said.  Bidding  another  take  the  pulpit, 
he  made  the  translation ;  and  that  day  the  fire  of  the  suttee  was  extinguished. 

x  x  x  x 

During  Carey’s  last  days,  Duff,  the  then  young  Scotch  missionary,  was  among  the  many 
who  sought  his  presence  and  counsels.  The  last  time  Duff  visited  him,  he  spent  some  time, 
talking  about  Carey’s  missionary  policy.  At  length  the  dying  Carey  whispered  “pray.”  Duff 
knelt  and  prayed,  and  then  rising  said  “Goodbye.”  As  he  passed  from  the  room,  Carey  called 
him  back  and  said  with  great  solemnity,  “Mr.  Duff,  you  have  been  speaking  about  Dr.  Carey, 
Dr.  Carey;  when  I  am  gone,  say  nothing  about  Dr.  Carey,  speak  about  Dr.  Carey’s  Saviour.” 

X  -x-  -X-  X 

“  Every  dollar  gained  in  the  Congo  rum  trade  ought  to  burn  in  the  palm  of  a  man  who 
gains  it,  as  if  it  were  a  part  of  the  blazing  asphalt  that  makes  the  pavement  of  the  infernal  re¬ 
gions.” — Dr.  R.  S.  Storrs. 


EXTRACTS  AND  NOTES 


59 


Miss  Geraldine  Guinness ,  who  has  spent  four  years  in  itinerating  missionary  work  in  China, 
lately  said  in  Exeter  Hall,  London  : 

“  I  have  been  struck  to  notice  how  often  it  is  that  the  first  time  people  hear  the  Gospel 
they  are  touched  —  not  always,  but  often.  I  could  give  you  many  such  stories.  Journeying  on 
the  great  rivers,  we  generally  at  night  moored  amongst  a  crowd  of  other  boats.  The  women 
would  come  on  board  to  see  us,  and  we  would  tell  them  as  simply  as  we  could  how  Jesus  came 
to  save  ;  then  they  would  go  away,  and  oft  in  the  stilly  night  I  have  heard  them  talking  it  all 
over  ;  and  repeating  to  themselves  the  little  sentences  we  had  taught  them  : — “  Jesus  can  forgive 
sin.”  “  Jesus  can  give  us  peace.”  “  Jesus  lovingly  cares  for  us  all  our  days.”  “Jesus  will  take 
us  to  heaven  by-and-by.”  Many  of  these  river-women  I  expect  to  meet  up  yonder.  I  want  to 
say  one  thing  more  :  I  worked  some  years  in  the  east-end  of  London  before  I  went  out  to 
China ;  but  I  never  met  with  more  love,  sympathy  and  kindness  than  I  have  found  from  women 
in  the  interior  of  China.  No  lady,  however  timid,  who  is  full  of  the  spirit  of  Christ,  need  fear 
coming  to  work  for  Him  in  China.” 


* 


The  China  Inland  Mission  reports  123  additional  helpers  for  last  year,  making  the  total 
number  512,  occupying  94  different  positions. 


* 


Christian  England  laughed  when  Sydney  Smith  sneered  at  William  Carey  as  a  “  consecrated 
cobbler,”  going  on  a  fool’s  errand  to  convert  the  heathen.  Carey  died,  aged  seventy-three 
years.  He  was  visited  on  his  death-bed  by  the  Bishop  cf  India,  the  head  of  the  Church  of 
England  in  that  land,  who  bowed  his  head,  and  invoked^  the  blessing  of  the  dying  missionary. 
The  British  authorities  had  denied  to  Carey  a  landing  place  on  his  first  arrival  in  Bengal  ;  but 
when  he  died,  the  government  dropped  all  its  flags  to  half-mast,  in  honor  of  a  man  who  had 
done  more  for  India  than  any  of  their  generals.  The  universities  of  England,  Germany,  and 
America  paid  tribute  to  his  learning,  and  today  Protestant  Christianity  honors  him  as  one  of  its 
noblest  pioneers. 

*  -#■ 

“  Was  not  Dr.  Carey  once  a  shoe-maker?”  said  a  young  British  officer  who  had  just  met 
him  at  a  social  gathering  in  India.  “No  sir,”  said  Dr.  Carey,  quietly  turning  on  the  questioner, 
“  only  a  cobbler.” 


Carey’s  Sign. 


Publications. 


THE  BAPTIST  MISSIONARY  MAGAZINE. 

The  Magazine  contains  the  latest  intelligence  from  the  foreign  mission  fields,  together  with 
editorials,  and  articles  discussing  questions  relating  to  the  enterprise  of  missions. 

Eighty-ninth  year.  The  oldest  Baptist  periodical  in  America.  Terms,  (postage  prepaid) » 
Si.oo  per  annum.  Ten  copies  and  upwards,  or  in  clubs  equal  to  five  per  cent  of  the  church 
membership,  eighty  cents  per  copy.  To  clubs  equal  to  ten  per  cent  of  the  church  membership, 
seventy  cents  per  copy.  The  Magazine  and  Helping  Hand  to  one  address,  $1.15.  All  three 
periodicals,  $1.30. 

THE  HELPING  HAND. 

Published  monthly,  represents  the  work  of  the  Woman’s  Baptist  Missionary  Societies,  East 
and  West.  Terms  per  annum ;  single  copy,  including  postage,  thirty-five  cents.  Packages  of 
four  or  more  to  the  address  of  one  person,  twenty-five  cents  per  copy. 

THE  KING’S  MESSENGERS. 

A  four-page  monthly  for  young  people.  Illustrated.  Twenty-five  cents  a  year.  Two  or 
more  copies  to  the  address  of  one  person,  fifteen  cents  each ;  fifty  or  more,  twelve  and  a  half 
cents  each.  Send  orders  and  remittances  for  the  above  to 

W.  G.  CORTHELL,  Mission  Rooms,  Tremont  Temple,  Boston,  Mass. 

THE  KINGDOM. 

This  gives  the  missionary  news  of  each  month  in  a  condensed  form.  Ten  cents  a  year  for 
single  copies.  Twenty  or  more  copies  to  the  address  of  one  person,  five  cents  a  copy  per 
annum.  Address,  The  Kingdom,  Mission  Rooms,  Tremont  Temple,  Boston,  Mass. 

SPECIAL  LITERATURE  FOR  THE  CENTENARY. 

Supplied  from  the  Rooms,  Tremont  Temple,  Boston,  Mass. 

William  Carey;  A  Sketch,  by  Rev.  A.  C.  Chute.  Cloth  15  cts.,  paper  10  cts. 

Joshua  Marshman ;  A  Sketch,  by  Rev.  O.  O.  Fletcher,  D.D.  Per  100,  $1.00 


William  Ward;  A  Sketch,  by  Rev.  O.  O.  Fletcher,  D.  D.  “  1.00 

Krishna  Pal,  by  Rev.  O.  O.  Fletcher,  D.D.  “  1.00 

William  Carey;  An  Inspiration  to  the  Young,  by  Rev.  O.  O.  Fletcher,  D.D.  “  50 

Andrew  Fuller’s  Missionary  Work,  by  Rev.  Geo.  B.  Taylor,  D.D.  “  1.50 

A  Century  of  Missions  and  its  Lessons,  by  Rev.  J.  N.  Murdock,  D.D.  In  Press 


Serampore  Letters  ;  Being  the  unpublished  correspondence  of  William  Carey  and  others  with 
John  Williams,  1 800-1  Si 6,  Edited  by  Leighton  and  Mornay  Williams,  G.  P.  Putnam  Sons, 
New  York  and  London.  Per  copy,  $1.50 

In  Brightest  Asia,  by  Rev.  H.  C.  Mabie,  D.D. ;  127  illustrations;  the  freshest  panoramic  view 
of  Asiatic  missions.  Per  copy,  $1.25 

Enquiry  into  the  Obligations  of  Christians  to  use  means  for  the  Conversion  of  the  Heathens 
(Fac  Simile  Ed.)  ;  by  William  Carey.  .25 

A  Century  of  Baptist  Missions  (American  Bap.  Pub.  Society),  by  Mrs.  S.  B.  Titterington.  $1.25 

60 


.* 


